(2011.07.11)程序清单_16.6_vect2.cpp -- methods and iterators

// 程序清单_16.6_vect2.cpp -- methods and iterators

// 这次的注释是个人加上去的
/*******************************************************************************
让我们先看一下运行结果吧：
Enter book title(quit to quit):The Cat who Knew Vectors
Enter book rating:5
Enter book title(quit to quit):Candid Canines
Enter book rating:7
Enter book title(quit to quit):Warriors of Work
Enter book rating:4
Enter book title(quit to quit):Quantum Manners
Enter book rating:8
Enter book title(quit to quit):quit
Thank you. You entered the follow:
Rating  Book
5       The Cat who Knew Vectors
7       Candid Canines
4       Warriors of Work
8       Quantum Manners
5       The Cat who Knew Vectors
7       Candid Canines
4       Warriors of Work
8       Quantum Manners
After erasure:
5       The Cat who Knew Vectors
8       Quantum Manners
After insertion:
7       Candid Canines
5       The Cat who Knew Vectors
8       Quantum Manners
Swapping oldlist with books:
5       The Cat who Knew Vectors
7       Candid Canines
4       Warriors of Work
8       Quantum Manners

*******************************************************************************/

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
struct Review
{
	std::string title;
	int rating;
};

bool FillReview(Review & rr);
void ShowReview(const Review & rr);

int main()
{
	using std::cout;
	using std::vector;
	vector<Review> books;			// 定义容器的方法
	Review temp;
	while(FillReview(temp))
		books.push_back(temp);		// 容器将数据放到容器后的函数.push_back()
	int num = books.size();			// 可用.size()测出容器的个数
	if(num > 0)
	{
		cout << "Thank you. You entered the follow:\n"
		     << "Rating\tBook\n";
		for (int i = 0; i < num; i++)
		{
			ShowReview(books[i]);
		}
		vector<Review>::iterator pr;			// 定义迭代器，可将其看为容器的指针
		for (pr = books.begin(); pr != books.end(); pr++)	// 迭代器可读取容器中的内容
		{
			ShowReview(*pr);
		}
		vector<Review> oldlist(books);						// copy constructor used

		if (num > 3)
		{
			// remove 2 items
			books.erase(books.begin() + 1, books.begin() + 3);
			cout << "After erasure:\n";
			for (pr = books.begin(); pr != books.end(); pr++)// 开始与结束的位置
			{
				ShowReview(*pr);
			}

			// insert 1 item
			books.insert(books.begin(), oldlist.begin() + 1, oldlist.begin() + 2);// 将后面空间的内容插入到开始的参数的位置
			cout << "After insertion:\n";
			for (pr = books.begin(); pr != books.end(); pr++)
			{
				ShowReview(*pr);
			}
		}

			books.swap(oldlist);							// 将容器 oldlist 与 books 整个交换，可以理解成两个容器换了名字，不过值的地址也是有改变的。
			cout << "Swapping oldlist with books:\n";
			for (pr = books.begin(); pr != books.end(); pr++)
			{
				ShowReview(*pr);
			}
	}

	else 
			cout << "Nothing entered, nothing gained.\n";
			std::cin.get();
			return 0;
}


bool FillReview(Review & rr)
{
	std::cout << "Enter book title(quit to quit):";
	std::getline(std::cin, rr.title);
	if (rr.title == "quit")				// 使用这个函数可以方便地退出程序，system call时。返回false
	{
		return false;
	}
	std::cout << "Enter book rating:";
	std::cin >> rr.rating;
	if (!std::cin)
	   return false;
	std::cin.get();
	return true;
}

void ShowReview (const Review &rr)
{
	std::cout << rr.rating << "\t" << rr.title << std::endl;
}