1060 Are They Equal 25

1060 Are They Equal 25

题目描述

If a machine can save only 3 significant digits, the float numbers 12300 and 12358.9 are considered equal since they are both saved as $0.123\times 10^5$ with simple chopping. Now given the number of significant digits on a machine and two float numbers, you are supposed to tell if they are treated equal in that machine.

Input Specification:

Each input file contains one test case which gives three numbers $N$, $A$ and $B$, where $N(<100)$ is the number of significant digits, and $A$ and $B$ are the two float numbers to be compared. Each float number is non-negative, no greater than $10^{100}$, and that its total digit number is less than 100.

Output Specification:

For each test case, print in a line YES if the two numbers are treated equal, and then the number in the standard form 0.d[1]...d[N]*10^k (d[1]>0 unless the number is 0); or NO if they are not treated equal, and then the two numbers in their standard form. All the terms must be separated by a space, with no extra space at the end of a line.

Note: Simple chopping is assumed without rounding.

Sample Input 1:

3 12300 12358.9

Sample Output 1:

YES 0.123*10^5

Sample Input 2:

3 120 128

Sample Output 2:

NO 0.120*10^3 0.128*10^3

问题思路

本题大意：给定精度$N$，实数$A,B$，让我们判断在精度范围内$AB$是否相等，用0.d[1]...d[N]*10^k的科学计数法形式表示结果。

判断两个数是否相等，可以通过判断主体部分d[1]...d[N]和指数部分k是否分别相等来判断。
基于这个思路，我们可以分别提取输入实数的主体部分和指数部分，最后判断它们是否分别相等来解决这个问题。

• 对主体部分的提取:

  • 如果输入数据中没有.，数据的有效部分就为主体部分
  • 如果输入数据中出现了.，需要判断整数部分是否为0：如果为0，去除前面的0.00..部分剩下的部分为主体部分，如果不为0，去除.的部分为主体部分

• 对指数的提取：
  与主体部分相同，同样要分为有无.两种情况：

  • 如果输入数据中没有.，数据的有效位数即为指数
  • 如果输入数据中出现了.，需要判断整数部分是否为0：如果不为0，.之前的整数部分有效位数即为指数，如果为0，.之后的小数部分前导0的位数取相反数即为指数

注：

• 本题的测试数据中会出现前导0和后导0，在进行提取之前需要先进行去除

测试样例

下面为一些测试样例：

3 0000.0 0 
// YES 0.000*10^0
3 0.0521 0.0520
// NO 0.0521*10^-1 0.0520^10^-1
// NO 0.0521*10^-1 0.052^10-1   输出这种数据的程序也可以通过测试点，可能PTA测试点中没有这么严格的数据
3 00001.23000 1.23456 
// YES 0.123*10^1

源码

#include <iostream>
#include <cstdio>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

struct Data
{
    string digit;
    int eff;
    int preci;
    Data() : digit(), eff(0), preci(0) {}
    ~Data() {}
    void initialStatus(int N)
    {
        preci = N;
        // 去除前导0
        for (auto s = digit.begin(); *s == '0' && s+1 != digit.end(); s++)
        {
            if (*(s + 1) == '.')
                break;
            else if (*(s + 1) != '0')
            {
                digit.erase(s);
                break;
            }
            else
            {
                digit.erase(s);
                s--;
            }
        }
        // 去除后导0
        if(digit.find(".") != string::npos)
        {
            for (auto s = digit.rbegin(); *s == '0' && s+1 != digit.rend(); s++)
            {
                if (*(s + 1) == '.')
                    break;
                else if (*(s + 1) != '0')
                {
                    digit.erase(s.base()-1);
                    break;
                }
                else
                {
                    digit.erase(s.base()-1);
                }
            }
        }

        // 处理0和0.0
        if (digit == "0" || digit == "0.0")
        {
            digit = string(preci, '0');
            eff = 0;
            return;
        }

        // 计算指数和主体数据
        eff = digit.find(".");
        if (eff == string::npos)
            eff = digit.size();
        else if (eff == 1 && digit[eff - 1] == '0')
        {
            int cnt = 0;
            for (auto i = eff + 1; digit[i] == '0' && i < digit.size(); i++)
            {
                cnt++;
            }
            digit.erase(0, cnt + 2);
            eff = -cnt;
        }
        else
        {
            digit.erase(eff, 1);
        }
    }
};

ostream &operator<<(ostream &o, Data d)
{
    o << "0." << d.digit.substr(0, d.preci) << "*10^" << d.eff;
    return o;
}

int main()
{
    int N;
    Data d1, d2;
    cin >> N >> d1.digit >> d2.digit;

    d1.initialStatus(N);
    d2.initialStatus(N);

    if (d1.digit.substr(0, N) == d2.digit.substr(0, N) && d1.eff == d2.eff)
        cout << "YES " << d1 << endl;
    else
        cout << "NO " << d1 << " " << d2 << endl;

    return 0;
}