现在很多卖货公司都使用聊天机器人充当客服人员,许多科技巨头也纷纷推出各自的聊天助手,如苹果Siri、Google Now、Amazon Alexa、微软小冰等等。前不久有一个视频比较了Google Now和Siri哪个更智能,貌似Google Now更智能。
本帖使用TensorFlow制作一个简单的聊天机器人。这个聊天机器人使用中文对话数据集进行训练(使用什么数据集训练决定了对话类型)。使用的模型为RNN(seq2seq)
相关博文:
- 使用深度学习打造智能聊天机器人
- 脑洞大开:基于美剧字幕的聊天语料库建设方案
- 中文对白语料
- https://www.tensorflow.org/versions/r0.12/tutorials/seq2seq/index.html
- https://github.com/tflearn/tflearn/blob/master/examples/nlp/lstm_generator_shakespeare.py
code:Here。
数据集
我使用现成的影视对白数据集,跪谢作者分享数据。
下载数据集:
- $ wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rustch3n/dgk_lost_conv/master/dgk_shooter_min.conv.zip
- # 解压
- $ unzip dgk_shooter_min.conv.zip
- import os
- import random
- conv_path = 'dgk_shooter_min.conv'
- if not os.path.exists(conv_path):
- print('数据集不存在')
- exit()
- # 数据集格式
- """
- E
- M 畹/华/吾/侄/
- M 你/接/到/这/封/信/的/时/候/
- M 不/知/道/大/伯/还/在/不/在/人/世/了/
- E
- M 咱/们/梅/家/从/你/爷/爷/起/
- M 就/一/直/小/心/翼/翼/地/唱/戏/
- M 侍/奉/宫/廷/侍/奉/百/姓/
- M 从/来/不/曾/遭/此/大/祸/
- M 太/后/的/万/寿/节/谁/敢/不/穿/红/
- M 就/你/胆/儿/大/
- M 唉/这/我/舅/母/出/殡/
- M 我/不/敢/穿/红/啊/
- M 唉/呦/唉/呦/爷/
- M 您/打/得/好/我/该/打/
- M 就/因/为/没/穿/红/让/人/赏/咱/一/纸/枷/锁/
- M 爷/您/别/给/我/戴/这/纸/枷/锁/呀/
- E
- M 您/多/打/我/几/下/不/就/得/了/吗/
- M 走/
- M 这/是/哪/一/出/啊/…/ / /这/是/
- M 撕/破/一/点/就/弄/死/你/
- M 唉/
- M 记/着/唱/戏/的/再/红/
- M 还/是/让/人/瞧/不/起/
- M 大/伯/不/想/让/你/挨/了/打/
- M 还/得/跟/人/家/说/打/得/好/
- M 大/伯/不/想/让/你/再/戴/上/那/纸/枷/锁/
- M 畹/华/开/开/门/哪/
- E
- ...
- """
- # 我首先使用文本编辑器sublime把dgk_shooter_min.conv文件编码转为UTF-8,一下子省了不少麻烦
- convs = [] # 对话集合
- with open(conv_path, encoding = "utf8") as f:
- one_conv = [] # 一次完整对话
- for line in f:
- line = line.strip('\n').replace('/', '')
- if line == '':
- continue
- if line[0] == 'E':
- if one_conv:
- convs.append(one_conv)
- one_conv = []
- elif line[0] == 'M':
- one_conv.append(line.split(' ')[1])
- """
- print(convs[:3]) # 个人感觉对白数据集有点不给力啊
- [ ['畹华吾侄', '你接到这封信的时候', '不知道大伯还在不在人世了'],
- ['咱们梅家从你爷爷起', '就一直小心翼翼地唱戏', '侍奉宫廷侍奉百姓', '从来不曾遭此大祸', '太后的万寿节谁敢不穿红', '就你胆儿大', '唉这我舅母出殡', '我不敢穿红啊', '唉呦唉呦爷', '您打得好我该打', '就因为没穿红让人赏咱一纸枷锁', '爷您别给我戴这纸枷锁呀'],
- ['您多打我几下不就得了吗', '走', '这是哪一出啊 ', '撕破一点就弄死你', '唉', '记着唱戏的再红', '还是让人瞧不起', '大伯不想让你挨了打', '还得跟人家说打得好', '大伯不想让你再戴上那纸枷锁', '畹华开开门哪'], ....]
- """
- # 把对话分成问与答
- ask = [] # 问
- response = [] # 答
- for conv in convs:
- if len(conv) == 1:
- continue
- if len(conv) % 2 != 0: # 奇数对话数, 转为偶数对话
- conv = conv[:-1]
- for i in range(len(conv)):
- if i % 2 == 0:
- ask.append(conv[i])
- else:
- response.append(conv[i])
- """
- print(len(ask), len(response))
- print(ask[:3])
- print(response[:3])
- ['畹华吾侄', '咱们梅家从你爷爷起', '侍奉宫廷侍奉百姓']
- ['你接到这封信的时候', '就一直小心翼翼地唱戏', '从来不曾遭此大祸']
- """
- def convert_seq2seq_files(questions, answers, TESTSET_SIZE = 8000):
- # 创建文件
- train_enc = open('train.enc','w') # 问
- train_dec = open('train.dec','w') # 答
- test_enc = open('test.enc', 'w') # 问
- test_dec = open('test.dec', 'w') # 答
- # 选择20000数据作为测试数据
- test_index = random.sample([i for i in range(len(questions))],TESTSET_SIZE)
- for i in range(len(questions)):
- if i in test_index:
- test_enc.write(questions[i]+'\n')
- test_dec.write(answers[i]+ '\n' )
- else:
- train_enc.write(questions[i]+'\n')
- train_dec.write(answers[i]+ '\n' )
- if i % 1000 == 0:
- print(len(range(len(questions))), '处理进度:', i)
- train_enc.close()
- train_dec.close()
- test_enc.close()
- test_dec.close()
- convert_seq2seq_files(ask, response)
- # 生成的*.enc文件保存了问题
- # 生成的*.dec文件保存了回答
创建词汇表,然后把对话转为向量形式,参看练习1和7:
- # 前一步生成的问答文件路径
- train_encode_file = 'train.enc'
- train_decode_file = 'train.dec'
- test_encode_file = 'test.enc'
- test_decode_file = 'test.dec'
- print('开始创建词汇表...')
- # 特殊标记,用来填充标记对话
- PAD = "__PAD__"
- GO = "__GO__"
- EOS = "__EOS__" # 对话结束
- UNK = "__UNK__" # 标记未出现在词汇表中的字符
- START_VOCABULART = [PAD, GO, EOS, UNK]
- PAD_ID = 0
- GO_ID = 1
- EOS_ID = 2
- UNK_ID = 3
- # 参看tensorflow.models.rnn.translate.data_utils
- vocabulary_size = 5000
- # 生成词汇表文件
- def gen_vocabulary_file(input_file, output_file):
- vocabulary = {}
- with open(input_file) as f:
- counter = 0
- for line in f:
- counter += 1
- tokens = [word for word in line.strip()]
- for word in tokens:
- if word in vocabulary:
- vocabulary[word] += 1
- else:
- vocabulary[word] = 1
- vocabulary_list = START_VOCABULART + sorted(vocabulary, key=vocabulary.get, reverse=True)
- # 取前5000个常用汉字, 应该差不多够用了(额, 好多无用字符, 最好整理一下. 我就不整理了)
- if len(vocabulary_list) > 5000:
- vocabulary_list = vocabulary_list[:5000]
- print(input_file + " 词汇表大小:", len(vocabulary_list))
- with open(output_file, "w") as ff:
- for word in vocabulary_list:
- ff.write(word + "\n")
- gen_vocabulary_file(train_encode_file, "train_encode_vocabulary")
- gen_vocabulary_file(train_decode_file, "train_decode_vocabulary")
- train_encode_vocabulary_file = 'train_encode_vocabulary'
- train_decode_vocabulary_file = 'train_decode_vocabulary'
- print("对话转向量...")
- # 把对话字符串转为向量形式
- def convert_to_vector(input_file, vocabulary_file, output_file):
- tmp_vocab = []
- with open(vocabulary_file, "r") as f:
- tmp_vocab.extend(f.readlines())
- tmp_vocab = [line.strip() for line in tmp_vocab]
- vocab = dict([(x, y) for (y, x) in enumerate(tmp_vocab)])
- #{'硕': 3142, 'v': 577, 'I': 4789, '\ue796': 4515, '拖': 1333, '疤': 2201 ...}
- output_f = open(output_file, 'w')
- with open(input_file, 'r') as f:
- for line in f:
- line_vec = []
- for words in line.strip():
- line_vec.append(vocab.get(words, UNK_ID))
- output_f.write(" ".join([str(num) for num in line_vec]) + "\n")
- output_f.close()
- convert_to_vector(train_encode_file, train_encode_vocabulary_file, 'train_encode.vec')
- convert_to_vector(train_decode_file, train_decode_vocabulary_file, 'train_decode.vec')
- convert_to_vector(test_encode_file, train_encode_vocabulary_file, 'test_encode.vec')
- convert_to_vector(test_decode_file, train_decode_vocabulary_file, 'test_decode.vec')
生成的train_encode.vec和train_decode.vec用于训练,对应的词汇表是train_encode_vocabulary和train_decode_vocabulary。
训练
需要很长时间训练,这还是小数据集,如果用百GB级的数据,没10天半个月也训练不完。
使用的模型:seq2seq_model.py。
代码:
- import tensorflow as tf # 0.12
- from tensorflow.models.rnn.translate import seq2seq_model
- import os
- import numpy as np
- import math
- PAD_ID = 0
- GO_ID = 1
- EOS_ID = 2
- UNK_ID = 3
- train_encode_vec = 'train_encode.vec'
- train_decode_vec = 'train_decode.vec'
- test_encode_vec = 'test_encode.vec'
- test_decode_vec = 'test_decode.vec'
- # 词汇表大小5000
- vocabulary_encode_size = 5000
- vocabulary_decode_size = 5000
- buckets = [(5, 10), (10, 15), (20, 25), (40, 50)]
- layer_size = 256 # 每层大小
- num_layers = 3 # 层数
- batch_size = 64
- # 读取*dencode.vec和*decode.vec数据(数据还不算太多, 一次读人到内存)
- def read_data(source_path, target_path, max_size=None):
- data_set = [[] for _ in buckets]
- with tf.gfile.GFile(source_path, mode="r") as source_file:
- with tf.gfile.GFile(target_path, mode="r") as target_file:
- source, target = source_file.readline(), target_file.readline()
- counter = 0
- while source and target and (not max_size or counter < max_size):
- counter += 1
- source_ids = [int(x) for x in source.split()]
- target_ids = [int(x) for x in target.split()]
- target_ids.append(EOS_ID)
- for bucket_id, (source_size, target_size) in enumerate(buckets):
- if len(source_ids) < source_size and len(target_ids) < target_size:
- data_set[bucket_id].append([source_ids, target_ids])
- break
- source, target = source_file.readline(), target_file.readline()
- return data_set
- model = seq2seq_model.Seq2SeqModel(source_vocab_size=vocabulary_encode_size, target_vocab_size=vocabulary_decode_size,
- buckets=buckets, size=layer_size, num_layers=num_layers, max_gradient_norm= 5.0,
- batch_size=batch_size, learning_rate=0.5, learning_rate_decay_factor=0.97, forward_only=False)
- config = tf.ConfigProto()
- config.gpu_options.allocator_type = 'BFC' # 防止 out of memory
- with tf.Session(config=config) as sess:
- # 恢复前一次训练
- ckpt = tf.train.get_checkpoint_state('.')
- if ckpt != None:
- print(ckpt.model_checkpoint_path)
- model.saver.restore(sess, ckpt.model_checkpoint_path)
- else:
- sess.run(tf.global_variables_initializer())
- train_set = read_data(train_encode_vec, train_decode_vec)
- test_set = read_data(test_encode_vec, test_decode_vec)
- train_bucket_sizes = [len(train_set[b]) for b in range(len(buckets))]
- train_total_size = float(sum(train_bucket_sizes))
- train_buckets_scale = [sum(train_bucket_sizes[:i + 1]) / train_total_size for i in range(len(train_bucket_sizes))]
- loss = 0.0
- total_step = 0
- previous_losses = []
- # 一直训练,每过一段时间保存一次模型
- while True:
- random_number_01 = np.random.random_sample()
- bucket_id = min([i for i in range(len(train_buckets_scale)) if train_buckets_scale[i] > random_number_01])
- encoder_inputs, decoder_inputs, target_weights = model.get_batch(train_set, bucket_id)
- _, step_loss, _ = model.step(sess, encoder_inputs, decoder_inputs, target_weights, bucket_id, False)
- loss += step_loss / 500
- total_step += 1
- print(total_step)
- if total_step % 500 == 0:
- print(model.global_step.eval(), model.learning_rate.eval(), loss)
- # 如果模型没有得到提升,减小learning rate
- if len(previous_losses) > 2 and loss > max(previous_losses[-3:]):
- sess.run(model.learning_rate_decay_op)
- previous_losses.append(loss)
- # 保存模型
- checkpoint_path = "chatbot_seq2seq.ckpt"
- model.saver.save(sess, checkpoint_path, global_step=model.global_step)
- loss = 0.0
- # 使用测试数据评估模型
- for bucket_id in range(len(buckets)):
- if len(test_set[bucket_id]) == 0:
- continue
- encoder_inputs, decoder_inputs, target_weights = model.get_batch(test_set, bucket_id)
- _, eval_loss, _ = model.step(sess, encoder_inputs, decoder_inputs, target_weights, bucket_id, True)
- eval_ppx = math.exp(eval_loss) if eval_loss < 300 else float('inf')
- print(bucket_id, eval_ppx)
聊天机器人
使用训练好的模型:
- import tensorflow as tf # 0.12
- from tensorflow.models.rnn.translate import seq2seq_model
- import os
- import numpy as np
- PAD_ID = 0
- GO_ID = 1
- EOS_ID = 2
- UNK_ID = 3
- train_encode_vocabulary = 'train_encode_vocabulary'
- train_decode_vocabulary = 'train_decode_vocabulary'
- def read_vocabulary(input_file):
- tmp_vocab = []
- with open(input_file, "r") as f:
- tmp_vocab.extend(f.readlines())
- tmp_vocab = [line.strip() for line in tmp_vocab]
- vocab = dict([(x, y) for (y, x) in enumerate(tmp_vocab)])
- return vocab, tmp_vocab
- vocab_en, _, = read_vocabulary(train_encode_vocabulary)
- _, vocab_de, = read_vocabulary(train_decode_vocabulary)
- # 词汇表大小5000
- vocabulary_encode_size = 5000
- vocabulary_decode_size = 5000
- buckets = [(5, 10), (10, 15), (20, 25), (40, 50)]
- layer_size = 256 # 每层大小
- num_layers = 3 # 层数
- batch_size = 1
- model = seq2seq_model.Seq2SeqModel(source_vocab_size=vocabulary_encode_size, target_vocab_size=vocabulary_decode_size,
- buckets=buckets, size=layer_size, num_layers=num_layers, max_gradient_norm= 5.0,
- batch_size=batch_size, learning_rate=0.5, learning_rate_decay_factor=0.99, forward_only=True)
- model.batch_size = 1
- with tf.Session() as sess:
- # 恢复前一次训练
- ckpt = tf.train.get_checkpoint_state('.')
- if ckpt != None:
- print(ckpt.model_checkpoint_path)
- model.saver.restore(sess, ckpt.model_checkpoint_path)
- else:
- print("没找到模型")
- while True:
- input_string = input('me > ')
- # 退出
- if input_string == 'quit':
- exit()
- input_string_vec = []
- for words in input_string.strip():
- input_string_vec.append(vocab_en.get(words, UNK_ID))
- bucket_id = min([b for b in range(len(buckets)) if buckets[b][0] > len(input_string_vec)])
- encoder_inputs, decoder_inputs, target_weights = model.get_batch({bucket_id: [(input_string_vec, [])]}, bucket_id)
- _, _, output_logits = model.step(sess, encoder_inputs, decoder_inputs, target_weights, bucket_id, True)
- outputs = [int(np.argmax(logit, axis=1)) for logit in output_logits]
- if EOS_ID in outputs:
- outputs = outputs[:outputs.index(EOS_ID)]
- response = "".join([tf.compat.as_str(vocab_de[output]) for output in outputs])
- print('AI > ' + response)
额,好差劲。
上面的实现并没有用到任何自然语言的特性(分词、语法等等),只是单纯的使用数据强行提高它的“智商”。
后续练习:中文语音识别、文本转语音
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原文地址: http://blog.csdn.net/u014365862/article/details/53869660