stm32 定时器 PWM 更改频率

ourkix

已于 2022-10-10 13:02:57 修改

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分类专栏： stm32 文章标签： stm32 单片机 arm

于 2020-03-26 11:14:09 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/ourkix/article/details/103983143

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TIM_Period 溢出计数值，（如有中断）达到这个值就中断 arr

TIM_Prescaler 预分频 psc

调节占空比 TIMx_SetCompare(1,0-arr); //TIM x为定时器数字如TIM2、TIM3，参数1位通道，参数2为ccr 此致时间内与电平翻转比如默认0-arr都为高电平，如setcompare的值为arr/2，就是0-arr/2 为低电平 arr/2-arr为高电平占空比 50%。

时钟频率为 72M

公式：

时钟频率(system clk) / 预分频(psc) /想要的pwm频率 = arr（重装值）

例子： 72M / 1 / 2000HZ = 36000

arr和psc在设置的时候都要减一，因为在硬件上会自动加一，就是 psc = 0 ， arr = 35999

TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_Period = (1000-1); //设置在下一个更新事件装入活动活动的自动重装载寄存器周期的值计数到1000为1ms

TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_Prescaler =(72-1); //设置用来作为TIMx时钟频率除数的预分频值 1M的计数频率

arr * psc / 时钟频率 = 定时时间

定时时间T = 1000 * 72 / 72000 000 = 1ms

TIM_Prescaler = 72 – 1; t = 72 / 72000 000 = 1us,即TIMx->CNT每1us加一次

TIM_Period = 1000;当TIMx->CNT计数值达到1000us(也就是一开始计算的定时时间1ms),进入中断服务函数,msHcCount将自动加一

调节频率：
1.通过更改预分频器的值，改变计数器的频率的方式改变PWM波的频率
在STM32F103中有封装好的调节预分频器的函数 TIM_PrescalerConfig()；直接调用即可。

溢出计数值(arr 值域0-65536)=72MHz/想得到的频率

按照72M的预分频，频率（范围约等于）= 1100HZ - 72MHZ

例子：

volatile uint32 pulse_width = 0;
volatile uint32	direction = 0;

void PWM_Init(u16 arr,u16 psc)
{
	GPIO_InitTypeDef  GPIO_InitStructure;
	TIM_TimeBaseInitTypeDef  TIM_TimeBaseStructure;
	TIM_OCInitTypeDef TIM_OCInitStructure;
	NVIC_InitTypeDef NVIC_InitStructure;
	
	RCC_APB1PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB1Periph_TIM2,ENABLE);
	RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_AFIO | RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOA,ENABLE);

	
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_0 | GPIO_Pin_1 | GPIO_Pin_2 | GPIO_Pin_3;        
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_AF_PP;                    //IO口复用推挽输出
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;                  //IO口速度
	GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStructure);	//USART输出IO口
	
	TIM_DeInit(TIM2);
	
	TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_Period = arr; //定时周期
	TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_Prescaler =psc; //预分频1，36M
	TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_ClockDivision = TIM_CKD_DIV1; //时钟分频因子
	TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_CounterMode = TIM_CounterMode_Up; //向上计数模式
	TIM_TimeBaseInit(TIM2,&TIM_TimeBaseStructure);
	
	TIM_OCInitStructure.TIM_OCMode = TIM_OCMode_PWM1; //输出PWM模式
	TIM_OCInitStructure.TIM_OutputState = TIM_OutputState_Enable; //使能输出
	TIM_OCInitStructure.TIM_OCPolarity = TIM_OCPolarity_High;//输出极性
	TIM_OCInitStructure.TIM_Pulse = 50;
	
	TIM_OC1Init(TIM2,&TIM_OCInitStructure);
	TIM_OC2Init(TIM2,&TIM_OCInitStructure);
	TIM_OC3Init(TIM2,&TIM_OCInitStructure);
	TIM_OC4Init(TIM2,&TIM_OCInitStructure);
	
	TIM_OC1PreloadConfig(TIM2,TIM_OCPreload_Enable);
	TIM_OC2PreloadConfig(TIM2,TIM_OCPreload_Enable);
	TIM_OC3PreloadConfig(TIM2,TIM_OCPreload_Enable);
	TIM_OC4PreloadConfig(TIM2,TIM_OCPreload_Enable);

//可以选择有中断或无中断
//	TIM_ITConfig(TIM2,TIM_IT_Update,ENABLE );
//		
//	NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannel = TIM2_IRQn; 
//	NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority = 0; 
//	NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority = 3;  
//	NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelCmd = ENABLE;
//	NVIC_Init(&NVIC_InitStructure);  


	//TIM_ARRPreloadConfig(TIM2,ENABLE);
	TIM_Cmd(TIM2,ENABLE);
}

//可以选择有中断或无中断
void TIM2_IRQHandler(void)
{
	if(TIM_GetITStatus(TIM2,TIM_IT_Update) != RESET)
	{
		TIM_ClearITPendingBit(TIM2,TIM_IT_Update);
		
		if(pulse_width == 0)
			direction = 0;
		else if(pulse_width == 100)
			direction = 1;

		if(direction == 0)
			pulse_width++;
		else
			pulse_width--;
		TIM_SetCompare1(TIM2, pulse_width);
		
	}

}

//频率 5k,10k,20k,50k,100k
unsigned short fres[5] = {14399,7199,3599,1439,719};

int main()                                                                          
{   

		ledinit();

		PWM_Init(99,7199);

		while(1)
		{

		for(i=0;i<5;i++)
		{
        //这里的 tim_cmd disable 和 enable 可以不加，没影响  delay_ms也是
   		TIM_Cmd(TIM2,DISABLE);
        delay_ms(5);
		TIM_PrescalerConfig(TIM2,fres[i],TIM_PSCReloadMode_Immediate);
        TIM_SetCounter(TIM2,0);
		TIM_Cmd(TIM2,ENABLE);
		delay_ms(50);
		}
			
		}
}

2通过普通定时器的中断去更新gpio的输出方式改变PWM波的频率，微调setcount 的值可以平缓过渡频率
例子：

void ledinit()
{
	GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;
	RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd( RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOB , ENABLE); 						 					 
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin =  GPIO_Pin_12;
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_Out_PP; 
	GPIO_Init(GPIOB, &GPIO_InitStructure);
	GPIO_SetBits(GPIOB , GPIO_Pin_12);
	
}

void MY_TIM3_Init(u16 arr,u16 psc){

	NVIC_InitTypeDef NVIC_InitStructure;
    TIM_TimeBaseInitTypeDef TIM_TimeBaseStructure;


    RCC_APB1PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB1Periph_TIM3,ENABLE);


    TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_Period = arr;
    TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_Prescaler = psc;


    TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_ClockDivision = TIM_CKD_DIV1;
    TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_CounterMode = TIM_CounterMode_Up; //????
    TIM_TimeBaseInit(TIM3,&TIM_TimeBaseStructure);
		
	TIM_ITConfig(TIM3,TIM_IT_Update,ENABLE );
	NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannel = TIM3_IRQn; 
	NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority = 0;  
	NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority = 3;  
	NVIC_Init(&NVIC_InitStructure);  

    TIM_Cmd(TIM3,ENABLE);
}

void TIM3_IRQHandler(void)
{
	if(TIM_GetITStatus(TIM3,TIM_IT_Update) != RESET)
	{
		TIM_ClearITPendingBit(TIM3,TIM_IT_Update);
		ledcount++;
		if(ledcount > setcount)
		{
			ledcount = 0;
			ledstate = ~ledstate;
			if(ledstate > 0)
			{
				GPIO_SetBits(GPIOB , GPIO_Pin_12);
			}
			else
			{
				GPIO_ResetBits(GPIOB , GPIO_Pin_12);
			}
			
			
		}

		
	}
}

volatile uint32 ledcount = 0;
volatile uint32 setcount = 1;

int main()                                                                          
{  
    MY_TIM3_Init(9,7199);
    ledinit();


		while(1)
		{
			setcount++;
			if(setcount > 100)
			{
					setcount = 1;
			}
			delay_ms(100);
        }
}

2通过更改arr值改变PWM波的频率
例子：

void PWM_Init(u16 arr,u16 psc)
{
	GPIO_InitTypeDef  GPIO_InitStructure;
	TIM_TimeBaseInitTypeDef  TIM_TimeBaseStructure;
	TIM_OCInitTypeDef TIM_OCInitStructure;
	NVIC_InitTypeDef NVIC_InitStructure;
	
	RCC_APB1PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB1Periph_TIM2,ENABLE);
	RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_AFIO | RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOA,ENABLE);

	
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_0 | GPIO_Pin_1 | GPIO_Pin_2 | GPIO_Pin_3;        
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_AF_PP;                    //IO口复用推挽输出
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;                  //IO口速度
	GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStructure);	//USART输出IO口
	
	TIM_DeInit(TIM2);
	
	TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_Period = arr; //定时周期
	TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_Prescaler =psc; //预分频1，36M
	TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_ClockDivision = TIM_CKD_DIV1; //时钟分频因子
	TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_CounterMode = TIM_CounterMode_Up; //向上计数模式
	TIM_TimeBaseInit(TIM2,&TIM_TimeBaseStructure);
	
	TIM_OCInitStructure.TIM_OCMode = TIM_OCMode_PWM1; //输出PWM模式
	TIM_OCInitStructure.TIM_OutputState = TIM_OutputState_Enable; //使能输出
	TIM_OCInitStructure.TIM_OCPolarity = TIM_OCPolarity_High;//输出极性
	TIM_OCInitStructure.TIM_Pulse = (int)(arr+1)/2;;
	
	

	
	TIM_OC1Init(TIM2,&TIM_OCInitStructure);
//	TIM_OC2Init(TIM2,&TIM_OCInitStructure);
//	TIM_OC3Init(TIM2,&TIM_OCInitStructure);
//	TIM_OC4Init(TIM2,&TIM_OCInitStructure);
	
	TIM_OC1PreloadConfig(TIM2,TIM_OCPreload_Enable);
//	TIM_OC2PreloadConfig(TIM2,TIM_OCPreload_Enable);
//	TIM_OC3PreloadConfig(TIM2,TIM_OCPreload_Enable);
//	TIM_OC4PreloadConfig(TIM2,TIM_OCPreload_Enable);


//	TIM_ITConfig(TIM2,TIM_IT_Update,ENABLE );
//		
//	NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannel = TIM2_IRQn; 
//	NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority = 0; 
//	NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority = 3;  
//	NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelCmd = ENABLE;
//	NVIC_Init(&NVIC_InitStructure);  


	TIM_ARRPreloadConfig(TIM2,ENABLE);
	TIM_Cmd(TIM2,ENABLE);
}



//PWM_Init(35999,0);				//2k, 4k,   8,    16k,   32k,     64k    144k   480k
unsigned short sfresarr[8] = {35999,17999,8999, 4499,  2249   ,  1124   ,499   ,149 };

int main()
{
	SystemInit();
    PWM_Init(35999,0);
	while(1)
	{
		TIM_Cmd(TIM2,DISABLE);
		TIM_ARRPreloadConfig(TIM2,DISABLE);
		delay_ms(20);
		TIM_SetCompare1(TIM2, sfresarr[i+1]);
		TIM_SetAutoreload(TIM2, sfresarr[7]);
		TIM_ARRPreloadConfig(TIM2,ENABLE);
        TIM_SetCounter(TIM2,0);
		TIM_Cmd(TIM2,ENABLE);
		delay_ms(500);
    }
}

关于在keil软件仿真如何看io口电平变化问题补充

首先在keil的程序界面点魔法棒

将仿真设置成软件仿真，先点击DEBUG栏，选中use simulator 然后点ok

然后点击debug调试

点击示波器调出示波器界面

点击Setup设置要查看的IO口，然后2新建端口，3里面输入PORTA.2(这里表示GPIOA的2号引脚)。其他IO设置也是类似。设置好后点击空白地方，就完成了。

设置查看IO的输出显示类型，1选中GPIO，2设置Display Type，选为Bit类型，3然后Close就完成了。直接运行仿真就能看到波形输出了。

-------------------------------------------------更新2022.10.10--------------------------------------------------------

关于源码，其实大家只要新建一个keil工程，将上面的代码复制到main.c中基本就直接能跑了，缺点定义啥的可以自己补一下。

由于评论区有很多人求源码，源码久远找不到了，有个大致类似的代码，可以将上面的例子复制进去删掉重复的就能运行了。需要的自取

频率控制源码 github

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stm32 定时器 PWM 更改频率

TIM_Period 溢出计数值，（如有中断）达到这个值就中断 arrTIM_Prescaler 预分频 psc调节占空比TIMx_SetCompare(1,0-arr); //TIM x为定时器数字如TIM2、TIM3，参数1位通道，参数2为ccr 此致时间内与电平翻转比如默认0-arr都为高电平，如setcompare的值为arr/2，就是0-arr/2 ...
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