ubuntu 18.04网络问题

准备工作

安装好系统之后，检查gcc和make是否已经安装

$ which gcc
/usr/bin/gcc
$ which make
/usr/bin/make

如果未安装，则安装gcc和make

$ apt install gcc
$ apt install make

安装openssh-server

$ apt install openssh-server

安装网络工具和防火墙

$ apt install net-tools
$ apt install ufw

开通端口

$ ufw allow 22

一、有线网卡不可用

准备设置静态IP时，发现没有有线网卡，无法正常插网线进行联网。

执行ipconfig 查看网卡配置是否有ethxx或者enxx，也没有，则说明有线网卡的驱动需要更新。

前往Intel官网下载驱动 , 选择3.8.4版本下载, 然后将下载的软件e1000e-3.8.4.tar.gz通过U盘拷贝到服务器。

解压e1000e-3.8.4.tar.gz安装包文件

$ tar -zxvf e1000e-3.8.4.tar.gz

或者

$ gunzip e1000e-3.8.4.tar.gz 
$ tar xvf e1000e-3.8.4.ta

编译有线网卡驱动

$ cd e1000e-3.8.4/src
$ sudo make
*** disabled for this build.
make[1]: Entering directory '/usr/src/linux-headers-4.15.0-142-generic'
  Building modules, stage 2.
  MODPOST 1 modules
make[1]: Leaving directory '/usr/src/linux-headers-4.15.0-142-generic'

安装有线网卡驱动

$ sudo make install
*** The target kernel has CONFIG_MODULE_SIG_ALL enabled, but
*** the signing key cannot be found. Module signing has been
make[1]: Leaving directory '/usr/src/linux-headers-4.15.0-142-generic'
Running depmod...

启用有线网卡启动，如果没有报错，正常情况下可以看到有线网卡已经正常可用了。

$ sudo modprobe e1000e

如果遇到modprobe: ERROR: could not insert ‘e1000e’: Required key not available，这是因为从内核4.4.0-20 开始启用EFI_SECURE_BOOT_SIG_ENFORCE编译选项，如果启用UEFI Secure Boot，将禁止加载未签名的第三方驱动。

重启电脑，按ESC进Blos-->secuity-->secure boot-->enabled，重新进入系统，以太网正常连接。

二、无法访问外网

服务器上部署了docker镜像后，调用接口提示无法访问外网，去服务器上查看，确实无法ping通百度。

$ ping www.baidu.com
ping: www.baidu.com: 未知的名称或服务

修改并应用网口信息，并重启网络

$ vim  /etc/network/interfaces
$ cat  /etc/network/interfaces
# interfaces(5) file used by ifup(8) and ifdown(8)
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

auto eno1
iface eno1 inet static
address 192.168.248.142
gateway 192.168.248.254
netmask 255.255.255.0
dns-nameserver 192.168.42.161
dns-nameserver 8.8.8.8

$ netplan apply
$ systemctl restart networking

再次ping百度还是不同

$ ping www.baidu.com
ping: www.baidu.com: 未知的名称或服务

查看域名解析配置文件，发现里面的nameserver和我们的dns配置不一致。

$ cat /etc/resolv.conf
# This file is managed by man:systemd-resolved(8). Do not edit.
#
# This is a dynamic resolv.conf file for connecting local clients to the
# internal DNS stub resolver of systemd-resolved. This file lists all
# configured search domains.
#
# Run "systemd-resolve --status" to see details about the uplink DNS servers
# currently in use.
#
# Third party programs must not access this file directly, but only through the
# symlink at /etc/resolv.conf. To manage man:resolv.conf(5) in a different way,
# replace this symlink by a static file or a different symlink.
#
# See man:systemd-resolved.service(8) for details about the supported modes of
# operation for /etc/resolv.conf.
nameserver 127.0.0.53
options edns0

修改域名解析配置文件如下，保存并退出

$ vim /etc/resolv.conf
nameserver 192.168.42.161
options eno1

再次ping百度，成功。

$ ping www.baidu.com
PING www.a.shifen.com (183.2.172.42) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 183.2.172.42 (183.2.172.42): icmp_seq=1 ttl=51 time=7.02 ms
64 bytes from 183.2.172.42 (183.2.172.42): icmp_seq=2 ttl=51 time=7.06 ms
^C
--- www.a.shifen.com ping statistics ---
9 packets transmitted, 9 received, 0% packet loss, time 9079ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 6.393/7.012/8.473/0.798 ms

如果你的docker镜像启动的时候network_mode选择的是host，则还需要重启一次容器，否则程序还是不能访问到外网。

三、软件下载慢

安装系统完毕，网络设置正常后一般都需要执行对系统软件进行更新、升级、安装

$ apt-get update
$ apt-get upgrade -y 
$ apt-get -f install

如果下载特别慢，就需要考虑替换软件源为国内的源。

查看原有的源列表文件

$ cat /etc/apt/sources.list

备份源文件

$ cd /etc/apt
$ cp sources.list sources.list.back

修改源文件

$ vim sources.list
##阿里云源
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse

保存源文件后，重新执行更新操作。