直和的定义
设 n ∈ N + , ∀ i ∈ N + , 1 ≤ i ≤ n , V i n \in \mathbb N ^+, \forall i \in \mathbb N ^+, 1 \le i \le n, V_i n∈N+,∀i∈N+,1≤i≤n,Vi 都是线性空间 V V V 的子空间,
如果 ∀ γ ∈ ∑ i = 1 n V i , γ = ∑ i = 1 n α i \forall \gamma \in \sum \limits_{i = 1} ^{n} V_i, \gamma = \sum \limits_{i = 1} ^{n} \alpha_i ∀γ∈i=1∑nVi,γ=