[monitor] 1. Linux魔术键的使用

linux在出现故障但是没有完全挂死的情况下，可以使用魔术键来打印一些系统信息或者执行一些操作。linux魔术键使用的官方文档在内核中sysrq.txt（/usr/src/linux/Documentation/sysrq.txt ）。

1、linux魔术键的使能

可以通过“echo 1 > /proc/sys/kernel/sysrq”命令使能linux魔术键，通过“echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/sysrq”命令关闭linux魔术键。

 *  How do I enable the magic SysRq key?
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
You need to say "yes" to 'Magic SysRq key (CONFIG_MAGIC_SYSRQ)' when
configuring the kernel. When running a kernel with SysRq compiled in,
/proc/sys/kernel/sysrq controls the functions allowed to be invoked via
the SysRq key. By default the file contains 1 which means that every
possible SysRq request is allowed (in older versions SysRq was disabled
by default, and you were required to specifically enable it at run-time
but this is not the case any more). Here is the list of possible values
in /proc/sys/kernel/sysrq:
   0 - disable sysrq completely
   1 - enable all functions of sysrq
  >1 - bitmask of allowed sysrq functions (see below for detailed function
       description):
          2 - enable control of console logging level
          4 - enable control of keyboard (SAK, unraw)
          8 - enable debugging dumps of processes etc.
         16 - enable sync command
         32 - enable remount read-only
         64 - enable signalling of processes (term, kill, oom-kill)
        128 - allow reboot/poweroff
        256 - allow nicing of all RT tasks

You can set the value in the file by the following command:
    echo "number" >/proc/sys/kernel/sysrq

2、调用linux魔术键

使能以后可以通过” + + ”组合键的方式调用魔术键，也可以通过”echo cmd > /proc/sysrq-trigger”的方式来调用魔术键。常用的cmd有m、p、t等。

魔术键必须在文本模式下使用，如果你处在图形模式，可以使用” + + ”的组合键切换到文本模式。

魔术键命令的执行结果可以在”/var/log/messages”中查看，或者通过“dmesg”命令查看。

发送” + + ”魔术键：

查看/var/log/messages中的结果：

*  How do I use the magic SysRq key?
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
On x86   - You press the key combo 'ALT-SysRq-<command key>'. Note - Some
           keyboards may not have a key labeled 'SysRq'. The 'SysRq' key is
           also known as the 'Print Screen' key. Also some keyboards cannot
           handle so many keys being pressed at the same time, so you might
           have better luck with "press Alt", "press SysRq", "release SysRq",
           "press <command key>", release everything.

On SPARC - You press 'ALT-STOP-<command key>', I believe.

On the serial console (PC style standard serial ports only) -
           You send a BREAK, then within 5 seconds a command key. Sending
           BREAK twice is interpreted as a normal BREAK.

On PowerPC - Press 'ALT - Print Screen (or F13) - <command key>, 
             Print Screen (or F13) - <command key> may suffice.

On other - If you know of the key combos for other architectures, please
           let me know so I can add them to this section.

On all -  write a character to /proc/sysrq-trigger.  e.g.:

                echo t > /proc/sysrq-trigger

3、有哪些魔术键命令可以使用

*  What are the 'command' keys?
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
'b'     - Will immediately reboot the system without syncing or unmounting
          your disks.

'c'     - Will perform a system crash by a NULL pointer dereference.
          A crashdump will be taken if configured.

'd'     - Shows all locks that are held.

'e'     - Send a SIGTERM to all processes, except for init.

'f'     - Will call oom_kill to kill a memory hog process.

'g'     - Used by kgdb on ppc and sh platforms.

'h'     - Will display help (actually any other key than those listed
          here will display help. but 'h' is easy to remember :-)

'i'     - Send a SIGKILL to all processes, except for init.

'j'     - Forcibly "Just thaw it" - filesystems frozen by the FIFREEZE ioctl.

'k'     - Secure Access Key (SAK) Kills all programs on the current virtual
          console. NOTE: See important comments below in SAK section.

'l'     - Shows a stack backtrace for all active CPUs.

'm'     - Will dump current memory info to your console.

'n'     - Used to make RT tasks nice-able

'o'     - Will shut your system off (if configured and supported).

'p'     - Will dump the current registers and flags to your console.

'q'     - Will dump per CPU lists of all armed hrtimers (but NOT regular
          timer_list timers) and detailed information about all
          clockevent devices.

'r'     - Turns off keyboard raw mode and sets it to XLATE.

's'     - Will attempt to sync all mounted filesystems.

't'     - Will dump a list of current tasks and their information to your
          console.

'u'     - Will attempt to remount all mounted filesystems read-only.

'v'     - Dumps Voyager SMP processor info to your console.

'w'     - Dumps tasks that are in uninterruptable (blocked) state.

'x'     - Used by xmon interface on ppc/powerpc platforms.

'z'     - Dump the ftrace buffer

'0'-'9' - Sets the console log level, controlling which kernel messages
          will be printed to your console. ('0', for example would make
          it so that only emergency messages like PANICs or OOPSes would
          make it to your console.)