中国裁判文书下载：selenium路线

成功现状：

一、requests路线

requests路线需要对js进行解密，对js解密时遇到三个参数

docid
cipher
__RequestVerificationToken

这三个参数主要是针对文书列表页面的

试图在这个页面获取相应的链接，
js解密后，其中ciphertext参数需要感谢大神：越学越害怕
后面的docid和__RequestVerificationToken都非常简单

但是将这些参数传入后，请求仍然出现状态码202或者状态码200但是内容为None

最后放弃了requests路线

二、selenium路线

问题一：namespace error 命名空间错误

参见《selenium的namespace错误与无法定位：NamespaceError: An attempt was made to create…andUnable to locate elemen》，链接: link.

虽然原因不明，不知道为什么报这个错误，但是这个错误与标签有关，只要不是特殊标签即可
如果存在特殊标签，比如裁判文书网中的下面这个元素的初始标签：diy:lawyee

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href="javascript:void(0)"><i class="fa fa-heart-o"> </i> 收藏</a> <a data-value="88b891c7c7c74f0d954caaf701657b09" class="a_xz" href="javascript:void(0)"><i class="a_xzBox"></i> 下载</a> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="LM_list"> <div class="List_label clearfix"> <div class="labelOne"><img src="../images/list/one.png"></div> <div class="labelTwo"> 刑事再审 </div> <div class="labelThree"><img src="../images/list/three.png"></div> <!-- <span class="on_1">推荐案例</span> -->     </div> <div class="list_title clearfix"> <a class="AllSelect" href="javascript:void(0)"><input type="checkbox" class="ListSelect" data-value="971d62400160436aaefda9df0112219c"></a>  <h4><a href="../181107ANFZ0BXSK4/index.html?docId=971d62400160436aaefda9df0112219c" class="caseName" target="_blank">赵明利诈骗再审刑事判决书</a></h4> </div> <div class="list_subtitle"> <span class="slfyName">最高人民法院</span> <span class="ah">（2018）最高法刑再6号</span> <span class="cprq">2019-01-03</span> </div> <div class="list_reason">  <h4>[裁判理由]</h4>  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只要出现这种特殊标签就会报namespace error

问题二：元素的动态变化

主要是下一页这个元素，这个元素会动态变化
第一页的下一页元素为：

//*[@id="_view_1545184311000"]/div[18]/a[8]

第二页的元素为：

//*[@id="_view_1545184311000"]/div[18]/a[9]

由a[8]变为a[9]

一开始试图通过，对于翻页的次数的变化进行更新，但是失败了，失败原因在于只显示前600份裁判文书，但是由于限定条件的不同，查找的裁判文书数量就不同，导致不好判断
思路是这样的：

# 下一页xpath：
            '''
             if 7<=index <36:
                try:
                    button1 = wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.XPATH, '//div[@class="left_7_3"]/a[14]')))#问题并不是全为a8
                    time.sleep(1)
                    button1.click()
                except:
                    pass

            elif 36 <= index < 40:
                try:
                    button1 = wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.XPATH, '//div[@class="left_7_3"]/a[%d]' % int(
                        49-index))))
                    time.sleep(1)
                    button1.click()
                except:
                    pass
            elif index ==40:
                pass
            '''

然后试图通过分段函数进行解决，就是提取查找到的文书数量计算要翻的页数：

"""目的：减少遍历次数"""
        time.sleep(1)
        condition = browser.find_element_by_xpath('//div[@class="LM_con clearfix"]/div[@class="fr con_right"]/span')
        print(condition.text)  # 不能直接//text()原因不明
        conditions = math.ceil(int(condition.text) / 15)  # 最长12，最短6
        print(conditions)

但是还是不成功！！！！

最后突然想到，下一页 这个元素正好是最后一个元素可以直接使用xpath语法选中最后一个

button_ = wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.XPATH, '//div[@class="left_7_3"]/a[last()]')))
button_.click()

问题三、只显示前600份裁判文书

需要爬所有，但是只显示前600份
，没有办法直接爬取所有，因为裁判文书网限定了只显示前600份

解决方法：通过限定搜索条件如：

这个方法是某个博主（暂时想不起来）给的思路，这个博主是通过北京市的律师来限定的，但是我没有找到律师的名字，所有我是通过限定区域，如xx区县

准确说这样，还是有问题，某些区县仍然超过600，但是相对较少了，即使超过了也不多，通过设置筛选可以进一步等待后续处理，如：

"""目的：减少遍历次数"""
        time.sleep(1)
        condition = browser.find_element_by_xpath('//div[@class="LM_con clearfix"]/div[@class="fr con_right"]/span')
        print(condition.text)  # 不能直接//text()原因不明
        conditions = math.ceil(int(condition.text) / 15)  # 最长12，最短6
        print(conditions)
        if int(condition.text) > 600:
            with open('超过600页.txt','a+',encoding='utf-8')as file:
                file.write('出现超过600条的裁判文书,其所在区域为：'+ str(i.strip()) +'，其数量为：'+str(condition.text) + '\n')
            logging.warning('出现超过600条的裁判文书,其所在区域为：'+ str(i.strip()) +'，其数量为：'+str(condition.text))

问题四：弹出框的处理

参见《selenium弹窗之windows下载文件弹窗点击方法》 ，使用pyautogui进行键鼠自动化

但是据说还有selenium的内部方法

"""下载无弹窗
profile = webdriver.FirefoxProfile()
profile.set_preference('browser.download.dir', '‪I:\\360下载\\firefox')
profile.set_preference('browser.download.folderList', 2)
profile.set_preference('browser.download.manager.showWhenStarting', False)
profile.set_preference('browser.helperApps.neverAsk.saveToDisk', 'application/zip')
"""

但是不知道为什么我的不行，所以注释掉了

三、selenium路线的缺陷

有两个缺陷，一个是速度慢，另一个是弹出框暂时没有办法解决
后续可能需要使用scrapy+selenium，以及使弹出框不在弹出