前面我们分析了device、driver、bus三种类型,主要是三者的注册与注销,在sysfs中的目录与属性文件创建等内容。本节就来详细分析下,在设备注册到总线上时,总线是如何为其寻找对应的驱动的;在驱动注册到总线上时,总线又是如何为其寻找对应的设备的。
本节的实现代码集中在drivers/base/bus.c和drivers/base/dd.c中。
先来回忆下,在device_register()->device_add()中,先是调用bus_add_device()添加device与bus间的联系,并添加bus为device定义的属性,然后会调用bus_probe_device()。bus_probe_device()会试图为已挂在总线上的该设备寻找对应的驱动。我们的故事就从这里开始。
/**
* bus_probe_device - probe drivers for a new device
* @dev: device to probe
*
* - Automatically probe for a driver if the bus allows it.
*/
void bus_probe_device(struct device *dev)
{
struct bus_type *bus = dev->bus;
int ret;
if (bus && bus->p->drivers_autoprobe) {
ret = device_attach(dev);
WARN_ON(ret < 0);
}
}
bus_probe_device()为总线上的设备寻找驱动。它先是检查bus->p->drivers_autoprobe,看是否允许自动探测。允许了才会调用device_attach()进行实际的寻找工作。
说到bus->p->drivers_autoprobe这个变量,它是在bus_type_private中的,在调用bus_register()前都初始化不了,在bus_register()中自动定为1。所以,除非是用户空间通过drivers_autoprobe属性文件主动禁止,bus总是允许自动探测的,所有的bus都是如此。
/**
* device_attach - try to attach device to a driver.
* @dev: device.
*
* Walk the list of drivers that the bus has and call
* driver_probe_device() for each pair. If a compatible
* pair is found, break out and return.
*
* Returns 1 if the device was bound to a driver;
* 0 if no matching driver was found;
* -ENODEV if the device is not registered.
*
* When called for a USB interface, @dev->parent->sem must be held.
*/
int device_attach(struct device *dev)
{
int ret = 0;
down(&dev->sem);
if (dev->driver) {
ret = device_bind_driver(dev);
if (ret == 0)
ret = 1;
else {
dev->driver = NULL;
ret = 0;
}
} else {
pm_runtime_get_noresume(dev);
ret = bus_for_each_drv(dev->bus, NULL, dev, __device_attach);
pm_runtime_put_sync(dev);
}
up(&dev->sem);
return ret;
}
device_attach()在实际绑定之前,会用dev->sem进行加锁。不错,dev->sem几乎就是为了在设备与驱动绑定或者解除绑定时加锁用的。还没有看到它在其它地方被调用。
如果在调用device_attach()前就已经有了dev->driver(),就调用device_bind_driver()进行绑定,不然还要调用bus_for_each_drv()进行依次匹配。至于pm_runtime_get_noresume之类的函数,属于电源管理部分,我们现在先忽略。
static void driver_bound(struct device *dev)
{
if (klist_node_attached(&dev->p->knode_driver)) {
printk(KERN_WARNING "%s: device %s already bound\n",
__func__, kobject_name(&dev->kobj));
return;
}
pr_debug("driver: '%s': %s: bound to device '%s'\n", dev_name(dev),
__func__, dev->driver->name);
if (dev->bus)
blocking_notifier_call_chain(&dev->bus->p->bus_notifier,
BUS_NOTIFY_BOUND_DRIVER, dev);
klist_add_tail(&dev->p->knode_driver, &dev->driver->p->klist_devices);
}
static int driver_sysfs_add(struct device *dev)
{
int ret;
ret = sysfs_create_link(&dev->driver->p->kobj, &dev->kobj,
kobject_name(&dev->kobj));
if (ret == 0) {
ret = sysfs_create_link(&dev->kobj, &am