Opencv

数据读取——图像

cv2.IMREAD_COLOR 读取彩色图像

cv2.IMREAD_GRAYSCALE 读取灰度图像

import cv2
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

img = cv2.imread('cat.jpg',cv2.IMREAD_GRAYSCALE)

#图像的显示，也可以创建多个窗口
cv2.imshow('image',img)
#等待时间，毫秒级，0表示任意键终止
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

def cv_show(name,img):
    cv2.imshow('image',img)
    cv2.waitKey(0)
    cv2.destroyAllWindows()

cv_show('image',img)


#截取部分图像数据
img = cv2.imread('cat.jpg')
cat = img[0:200,0:200]
cv.show('cat',cat)

数据读取-视频

cv2.VideoCapture可以捕获摄像头，用数字来控制不同的设备，如0，1

如果是视频文件，直接指定好路径

import cv2
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

vc = cv2.VideoCapture(0)

#检查是否打开正确
if vc.isOpened():
#open 为布尔类型的值，如果frame = vc.read可以读取，open 为 Ture 值
    open, frame = vc.read()
else:
    open = Flase

while open:
    ret, frame = vc.read()
    if frame is None:
        break
    if ret == Ture:
        gray = cv2.cvtColor(frame,cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
        cv2.imshow('result',gray)
        if cv2.waitKey(10) & 0xFF  == 27
            break
vc.release()
cv2.destroyAllWindows()
            
     

颜色通道读取

import cv2
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

img = cv2.imread('cat.jpg',cv2.IMREAD_GRAYSCALE)


def cv_show(name,img):
    cv2.imshow('image',img)
    cv2.waitKey(0)
    cv2.destroyAllWindows()

#分离bgr通道
b,g,r = cv2.split(img) 
#合并bgr通道
img2 = cv2.merge((b,g,r))

#只保留R
cur_img = img.copy()
cur_img[:,:,0]=0
cur_img[:,:,1]=0
cv_show('R',cur_img)

#只保留G
cur_img = img.copy()
cur_img[:,:,0]=0
cur_img[:,:,2]=0
cv_show('G',cur_img)

#只保留B
cur_img = img.copy()
cur_img[:,:,2]=0
cur_img[:,:,1]=0
cv_show('B',cur_img)

边框填充

BORDER_REPLICATE:复制法

BORDER_REFLECT:反射法，在边界两边进行复制

BORDER_REFLECT_101:以最边缘像素为轴对称

BORDER_WRAP:外包装法

BORDER_CONSTANT:常量法

BORDER_REPLICATE:复制法

BORDER_REFLECT:反射法，在边界两边进行复制

BORDER_REFLECT_101:以最边缘像素为轴对称

BORDER_WRAP:外包装法

BORDER_CONSTANT:常量法
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

top_size,bottom_size,left_size,right_size = (50,50,50,50)

replicate = cv2.copyMakeBorder(img,top_size,bottom_size,left_size,right_size,borderType = cv2.BORDER_REPLICATE)

reflect = cv2.copyMakeBorder(img,top_size,bottom_size,left_size,right_size,borderType = cv2.BORDER_REFLECT)

reflect101 = cv2.copyMakeBorder(img,top_size,bottom_size,left_size,right_size,borderType = cv2.BORDER_REFLECT_101)

wrap = cv2.copyMakeBorder(img,top_size,bottom_size,left_size,right_size,borderType = cv2.BORDER_WRAP)

constant = cv2.copyMakeBorder(img,top_size,bottom_size,left_size,right_size,borderType = cv2.BORDER_CONSTANT,value = 0)

plt.subplot(231), plt.imshow(img,'gray'), plt.title('original')
plt.subplot(232), plt.imshow(replicate,'gray'), plt.title('replicate')
plt.subplot(233), plt.imshow(reflect ,'gray'), plt.title('reflect')
plt.subplot(234), plt.imshow(reflect101,'gray'), plt.title('reflect101')
plt.subplot(235), plt.imshow(wrap,'gray'), plt.title('wrap')
plt.subplot(236), plt.imshow(constant,'gray'), plt.title('constant')

plt.show()

图像阈值

ret, dst =cv2.threshold(src, thresh,maxval, type)

src:输入图，只能是单通道图像，通常为灰度图

dst：输出图

thresh：阈值

maxval：当像素超过阈值（或者小于阈值，type决定）所赋予的值

type：二值化操作的类型，共有5种

cv2.THRESH_BINARY 超过阈值部分取maxval最大值,否则为0

cv2.THRESH_BINARY_INV         cv2.THRESH_BINARY的反转

cv2.THRESH_TRUNC         大于阈值部分设为阈值，否则不变

cv2.THRESH_TOZERO        大于阈值部分不改变，否则为0

cv2.THRESH_TOZERO_INV                 THRESH_TOZERO的反转

import cv2
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

cv2.THRESH_BINARY 超过阈值部分取maxval最大值,否则为0

cv2.THRESH_BINARY_INV         cv2.THRESH_BINARY的反转

cv2.THRESH_TRUNC         大于阈值部分设为阈值，否则不变

cv2.THRESH_TOZERO        大于阈值部分不改变，否则为0

cv2.THRESH_TOZERO_INV                 THRESH_TOZERO的反转


img = cv2.imread('cat.jpg',cv2.IMREAD_GRAYSCALE)


def cv_show(name,img):
    cv2.imshow('image',img)
    cv2.waitKey(0)
    cv2.destroyAllWindows()

ret, thresh1 = cv2.threshold(img,127,255,cv2.THRESH_BINARY)
ret, thresh2 = cv2.threshold(img,127,255,cv2.THRESH_BINARY_INV)
ret, thresh3 = cv2.threshold(img,127,255,cv2.THRESH_TRUNC)
ret, thresh4 = cv2.threshold(img,127,255,cv2.THRESH_TOZERO)
ret, thresh5 = cv2.threshold(img,127,255,cv2.THRESH_TOZERO_INV)

titles = ['Original','BINARY','BINARY_INV','TRUNC','TOZERO','TOZERO_INV']
images = [img,thresh1,thresh2,thresh3,thresh4,thresh5]

for i in range(6):
    plt.subplot(2,3,i+1), plt.imshow(images[i], 'gray')
    plt.title(titles[i])
    plt.xticks([]), plt.yticks([])
plt.show()