数据读取——图像
cv2.IMREAD_COLOR 读取彩色图像
cv2.IMREAD_GRAYSCALE 读取灰度图像
import cv2
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
img = cv2.imread('cat.jpg',cv2.IMREAD_GRAYSCALE)
#图像的显示,也可以创建多个窗口
cv2.imshow('image',img)
#等待时间,毫秒级,0表示任意键终止
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()
def cv_show(name,img):
cv2.imshow('image',img)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()
cv_show('image',img)
#截取部分图像数据
img = cv2.imread('cat.jpg')
cat = img[0:200,0:200]
cv.show('cat',cat)
数据读取-视频
cv2.VideoCapture可以捕获摄像头,用数字来控制不同的设备,如0,1
如果是视频文件,直接指定好路径
import cv2
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
vc = cv2.VideoCapture(0)
#检查是否打开正确
if vc.isOpened():
#open 为布尔类型的值,如果frame = vc.read可以读取,open 为 Ture 值
open, frame = vc.read()
else:
open = Flase
while open:
ret, frame = vc.read()
if frame is None:
break
if ret == Ture:
gray = cv2.cvtColor(frame,cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
cv2.imshow('result',gray)
if cv2.waitKey(10) & 0xFF == 27
break
vc.release()
cv2.destroyAllWindows()
颜色通道读取
import cv2
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
img = cv2.imread('cat.jpg',cv2.IMREAD_GRAYSCALE)
def cv_show(name,img):
cv2.imshow('image',img)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()
#分离bgr通道
b,g,r = cv2.split(img)
#合并bgr通道
img2 = cv2.merge((b,g,r))
#只保留R
cur_img = img.copy()
cur_img[:,:,0]=0
cur_img[:,:,1]=0
cv_show('R',cur_img)
#只保留G
cur_img = img.copy()
cur_img[:,:,0]=0
cur_img[:,:,2]=0
cv_show('G',cur_img)
#只保留B
cur_img = img.copy()
cur_img[:,:,2]=0
cur_img[:,:,1]=0
cv_show('B',cur_img)
边框填充
BORDER_REPLICATE:复制法
BORDER_REFLECT:反射法,在边界两边进行复制
BORDER_REFLECT_101:以最边缘像素为轴对称
BORDER_WRAP:外包装法
BORDER_CONSTANT:常量法
BORDER_REPLICATE:复制法
BORDER_REFLECT:反射法,在边界两边进行复制
BORDER_REFLECT_101:以最边缘像素为轴对称
BORDER_WRAP:外包装法
BORDER_CONSTANT:常量法
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
top_size,bottom_size,left_size,right_size = (50,50,50,50)
replicate = cv2.copyMakeBorder(img,top_size,bottom_size,left_size,right_size,borderType = cv2.BORDER_REPLICATE)
reflect = cv2.copyMakeBorder(img,top_size,bottom_size,left_size,right_size,borderType = cv2.BORDER_REFLECT)
reflect101 = cv2.copyMakeBorder(img,top_size,bottom_size,left_size,right_size,borderType = cv2.BORDER_REFLECT_101)
wrap = cv2.copyMakeBorder(img,top_size,bottom_size,left_size,right_size,borderType = cv2.BORDER_WRAP)
constant = cv2.copyMakeBorder(img,top_size,bottom_size,left_size,right_size,borderType = cv2.BORDER_CONSTANT,value = 0)
plt.subplot(231), plt.imshow(img,'gray'), plt.title('original')
plt.subplot(232), plt.imshow(replicate,'gray'), plt.title('replicate')
plt.subplot(233), plt.imshow(reflect ,'gray'), plt.title('reflect')
plt.subplot(234), plt.imshow(reflect101,'gray'), plt.title('reflect101')
plt.subplot(235), plt.imshow(wrap,'gray'), plt.title('wrap')
plt.subplot(236), plt.imshow(constant,'gray'), plt.title('constant')
plt.show()
图像阈值
ret, dst =cv2.threshold(src, thresh,maxval, type)
src:输入图,只能是单通道图像,通常为灰度图
dst:输出图
thresh:阈值
maxval:当像素超过阈值(或者小于阈值,type决定)所赋予的值
type:二值化操作的类型,共有5种
cv2.THRESH_BINARY 超过阈值部分取maxval最大值,否则为0
cv2.THRESH_BINARY_INV cv2.THRESH_BINARY的反转
cv2.THRESH_TRUNC 大于阈值部分设为阈值,否则不变
cv2.THRESH_TOZERO 大于阈值部分不改变,否则为0
cv2.THRESH_TOZERO_INV THRESH_TOZERO的反转
import cv2
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
cv2.THRESH_BINARY 超过阈值部分取maxval最大值,否则为0
cv2.THRESH_BINARY_INV cv2.THRESH_BINARY的反转
cv2.THRESH_TRUNC 大于阈值部分设为阈值,否则不变
cv2.THRESH_TOZERO 大于阈值部分不改变,否则为0
cv2.THRESH_TOZERO_INV THRESH_TOZERO的反转
img = cv2.imread('cat.jpg',cv2.IMREAD_GRAYSCALE)
def cv_show(name,img):
cv2.imshow('image',img)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()
ret, thresh1 = cv2.threshold(img,127,255,cv2.THRESH_BINARY)
ret, thresh2 = cv2.threshold(img,127,255,cv2.THRESH_BINARY_INV)
ret, thresh3 = cv2.threshold(img,127,255,cv2.THRESH_TRUNC)
ret, thresh4 = cv2.threshold(img,127,255,cv2.THRESH_TOZERO)
ret, thresh5 = cv2.threshold(img,127,255,cv2.THRESH_TOZERO_INV)
titles = ['Original','BINARY','BINARY_INV','TRUNC','TOZERO','TOZERO_INV']
images = [img,thresh1,thresh2,thresh3,thresh4,thresh5]
for i in range(6):
plt.subplot(2,3,i+1), plt.imshow(images[i], 'gray')
plt.title(titles[i])
plt.xticks([]), plt.yticks([])
plt.show()