7.1.1 设计Sales_data类

书中页数：P228
代码名称：Sales_data.h Sales_data.cc

//Sales_data.h 
#ifndef SALES_DATA_H
#define SALES_DATA_H

#include <string>
#include <iostream>

class Sales_data {
friend Sales_data add(const Sales_data&, const Sales_data&);
friend std::ostream &print(std::ostream&, const Sales_data&);
friend std::istream &read(std::istream&, Sales_data&);
public:
	// constructors
	Sales_data() = default;
	Sales_data(const std::string &s): bookNo(s) { }
	Sales_data(const std::string &s, unsigned n, double p):
	           bookNo(s), units_sold(n), revenue(p*n) { }
	Sales_data(std::istream &);

	// operations on Sales_data objects
	std::string isbn() const { return bookNo; }
	Sales_data& combine(const Sales_data&);
	double avg_price() const;
private:
	std::string bookNo;
	unsigned units_sold = 0;
	double revenue = 0.0;
};


// nonmember Sales_data interface functions
Sales_data add(const Sales_data&, const Sales_data&);
std::ostream &print(std::ostream&, const Sales_data&);
std::istream &read(std::istream&, Sales_data&);

// used in future chapters
inline 
bool compareIsbn(const Sales_data &lhs, const Sales_data &rhs)
{
	return lhs.isbn() < rhs.isbn();
}
#endif

#include <iostream>
using std::istream; using std::ostream;

#include "Sales_data.h"
Sales_data::Sales_data(std::istream &is) 
{
	// read will read a transaction from is into this object
	read(is, *this);
}

double 
Sales_data::avg_price() const {
	if (units_sold)
		return revenue/units_sold;
	else
		return 0;
}

// add the value of the given Sales_data into this object
Sales_data& 
Sales_data::combine(const Sales_data &rhs)
{
	units_sold += rhs.units_sold; // add the members of rhs into 
	revenue += rhs.revenue;       // the members of ``this'' object
	return *this; // return the object on which the function was called
}

Sales_data 
add(const Sales_data &lhs, const Sales_data &rhs)
{
	Sales_data sum = lhs;  // copy data members from lhs into sum
	sum.combine(rhs);      // add data members from rhs into sum
	return sum;
}

// transactions contain ISBN, number of copies sold, and sales price
istream&
read(istream &is, Sales_data &item)
{
	double price = 0;
	is >> item.bookNo >> item.units_sold >> price;
	item.revenue = price * item.units_sold;
	return is;
}

ostream&
print(ostream &os, const Sales_data &item)
{
	os << item.isbn() << " " << item.units_sold << " " 
	   << item.revenue << " " << item.avg_price();
	return os;
}