POJ 1753 Flip Game (DFS)

Flip Game

Time Limit: 1000MS		Memory Limit: 65536K
Total Submissions: 14504		Accepted: 6218

Description

Flip game is played on a rectangular 4x4 fieldwith two-sided pieces placed on each of its 16 squares. One side ofeach piece is white and the other one is black and each piece islying either it's black or white side up. Each round you flip 3 to5 pieces, thus changing the color of their upper side from black towhite and vice versa. The pieces to be flipped are chosen everyround according to the following rules: 

1. Choose any one of the 16 pieces. 
   
2. Flip the chosen piece and also all adjacent pieces to the left,to the right, to the top, and to the bottom of the chosen piece (ifthere are any).

Consider the following position as anexample: 

bwbw 
wwww 
bbwb 
bwwb 
Here "b" denotes pieces lying their black side up and "w" denotespieces lying their white side up. If we choose to flip the 1stpiece from the 3rd row (this choice is shown at the picture), thenthe field will become: 

bwbw 
bwww 
wwwb 
wwwb 
The goal of the game is to flip either all pieces white side up orall pieces black side up. You are to write a program that willsearch for the minimum number of rounds needed to achieve thisgoal. 

Input

The input consists of 4 lines with 4 characters"w" or "b" each that denote game field position.

Output

Write to the output file a single integer number -the minimum number of rounds needed to achieve the goal of the gamefrom the given position. If the goal is initially achieved, thenwrite 0. If it's impossible to achieve the goal, then write theword "Impossible" (without quotes).

Sample Input

bwwb
bbwb
bwwb
bwww

Sample Output

4

Source

NortheasternEurope 2000

 #include<stdio.h>
int map[4][4],step,flag=0;
void turn(int i,int j)//转换
{
map[i][j]=!map[i][j];
if(i>0)
map[i-1][j]=!map[i-1][j];
if(i<3)
map[i+1][j]=!map[i+1][j];
if(j>0)
map[i][j-1]=!map[i][j-1];
if(j<3)
map[i][j+1]=!map[i][j+1];
}
int range()//判定表格是否全部一样
{
int i,j;
for(i=0;i<4;i++)
for(j=0;j<4;j++)
if(map[i][j]!=map[0][0])
return 0;
return 1;
}
int DFS(int i,int j,int dp)//深搜
{
if(dp==step){
flag=range();
return 0;
}
if(flag||i==4)return 1;
turn(i,j);
if(j<3)DFS(i,j+1,dp+1); //从这里进下一层就是翻了i行j列的棋子，或者是下一行第一个棋子。
else DFS(i+1,0,dp+1);   
turn(i,j);
if(j<3)DFS(i,j+1,dp);   //从这里进下一层就是没翻i行j列或者下一行第一个棋子。就是判定这个子树没有可能存在的解，处死。
else DFS(i+1,0,dp);
return 0;
}
int main()
{
int i,j;
char a;
for(i=0;i<4;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<4;j++)
{
scanf("%c",&a);
if(a=='b')map[i][j]=0;
else map[i][j]=1;
}
getchar();
}
for(step=0;step<=16;step++)
{
flag=0;
DFS(0,0,0);
if(flag)break;
}
if(flag)printf("%d\n",step);
else printf("Impossible\n");
return 0;
}

其实代码是看别人的解题报告才做出来的，我的那个用围墙最后也可以过。

一直以为应该用广搜来做，这个代码，我开始在怀疑是不是找到一个解就输出而不是最佳解。

因为没看见step在for循环里面变值，所以开始一直头痛。

这个代码的意思是翻一次的情况考虑完再考虑翻两次的情况，依次类推直到step=16.

所以这道题的关键就在于最多翻16次这个问题上了，没明白，所以不解释。