python numpy 基础【1】

import numpy as np
a = np.arange(15).reshape(3, 5)
a
array([[ 0,  1,  2,  3,  4],
       [ 5,  6,  7,  8,  9],
       [10, 11, 12, 13, 14]])
a.shape
(3, 5)
a.ndim
2
a.dtype.name
'int64'
a.itemsize
8
a.size
15
type(a)
<class 'numpy.ndarray'>
b = np.array([6, 7, 8])
b
array([6, 7, 8])
type(b)
<class 'numpy.ndarray'>

c = np.array([[1, 2], [3, 4]], dtype=complex)
>>> c
array([[1.+0.j, 2.+0.j],
       [3.+0.j, 4.+0.j]])

>> np.zeros((3, 4))
array([[0., 0., 0., 0.],
       [0., 0., 0., 0.],
       [0., 0., 0., 0.]])
>>> np.ones((2, 3, 4), dtype=np.int16)
array([[[1, 1, 1, 1],
        [1, 1, 1, 1],
        [1, 1, 1, 1]],

       [[1, 1, 1, 1],
        [1, 1, 1, 1],
        [1, 1, 1, 1]]], dtype=int16)
>>> np.empty((2, 3))
array([[3.73603959e-262, 6.02658058e-154, 6.55490914e-260],  # may vary
       [5.30498948e-313, 3.14673309e-307, 1.00000000e+000]])

 np.arange(10, 30, 5)
array([10, 15, 20, 25])
>>> np.arange(0, 2, 0.3)  # it accepts float arguments
array([0. , 0.3, 0.6, 0.9, 1.2, 1.5, 1.8])

>>> from numpy import pi
>>> np.linspace(0, 2, 9)                   # 9 numbers from 0 to 2
array([0.  , 0.25, 0.5 , 0.75, 1.  , 1.25, 1.5 , 1.75, 2.  ])
>>> x = np.linspace(0, 2 * pi, 100)        # useful to evaluate function at lots of points
>>> f = np.sin(x)

>>> a = np.array([20, 30, 40, 50])
>>> b = np.arange(4)
>>> b
array([0, 1, 2, 3])
>>> c = a - b
>>> c
array([20, 29, 38, 47])
>>> b**2
array([0, 1, 4, 9])
>>> 10 * np.sin(a)
array([ 9.12945251, -9.88031624,  7.4511316 , -2.62374854])
>>> a < 35
array([ True,  True, False, False])

>>> A = np.array([[1, 1],
...               [0, 1]])
>>> B = np.array([[2, 0],
...               [3, 4]])
>>> A * B     # elementwise product
array([[2, 0],
       [0, 4]])
>>> A @ B     # matrix product
array([[5, 4],
       [3, 4]])
>>> A.dot(B)  # another matrix product
array([[5, 4],
       [3, 4]])

>>> rg = np.random.default_rng(1)  # create instance of default random number generator
>>> a = np.ones((2, 3), dtype=int)
>>> b = rg.random((2, 3))
>>> a *= 3
>>> a
array([[3, 3, 3],
       [3, 3, 3]])
>>> b += a
>>> b
array([[3.51182162, 3.9504637 , 3.14415961],
       [3.94864945, 3.31183145, 3.42332645]])
>>> a += b  # b is not automatically converted to integer type
Traceback (most recent call last):
    ...
numpy.core._exceptions._UFuncOutputCastingError: Cannot cast ufunc 'add' output from dtype('float64') to dtype('int64') with casting rule 'same_kind'

>>> b = np.arange(12).reshape(3, 4)
>>> b
array([[ 0,  1,  2,  3],
       [ 4,  5,  6,  7],
       [ 8,  9, 10, 11]])
>>>
>>> b.sum(axis=0)     # sum of each column
array([12, 15, 18, 21])
>>>
>>> b.min(axis=1)     # min of each row
array([0, 4, 8])
>>>
>>> b.cumsum(axis=1)  # cumulative sum along each row
array([[ 0,  1,  3,  6],
       [ 4,  9, 15, 22],
       [ 8, 17, 27, 38]])

>>> B = np.arange(3)
>>> B
array([0, 1, 2])
>>> np.exp(B)
array([1.        , 2.71828183, 7.3890561 ])
>>> np.sqrt(B)
array([0.        , 1.        , 1.41421356])
>>> C = np.array([2., -1., 4.])
>>> np.add(B, C)
array([2., 0., 6.])