pytorch入门第三课——反向传播（Back Propagation）

前言

b站刘洪普老师的pytorch入门课笔记。记录学习。
本文内容为反向传播的梯度计算，绘制迭代-损失图。

方法

更小的损失 = 更好的效果，即训练阶段更新权重w的大小，反向传播可以实现这个过程。

jupyter record

话不多说，上代码~

import torch
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

x_data = [1.0,2.0,3.0]
y_data = [2.0,4.0,6.0]

w = torch.Tensor([1.0])
w.requires_grad = True

epoch_list = []
loss_list = []

def forward(x):
    return x*w
def loss(x,y):
    y_pred = forward(x)
    return (y_pred - y)*(y_pred - y)

print("predict(before training)",4,forward(4).item())

for epoch in range(100):
    for x,y in zip(x_data,y_data):
        l = loss(x,y)
        l.backward()
        print('\tgrad:',x,y,w.grad.item())
        w.data = w.data - 0.01 * w.grad.data
        
        w.grad.data.zero_()
    
    print("loss:",l.item())
    loss_list.append(l.item())
    epoch_list.append(epoch)
    
    
    print("progress:",epoch,l.item())
print("predict(after training)",4,forward(4).item())

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grad: 1.0 2.0 -7.152557373046875e-07
grad: 2.0 4.0 -2.86102294921875e-06
grad: 3.0 6.0 -5.7220458984375e-06
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grad: 1.0 2.0 -7.152557373046875e-07
grad: 2.0 4.0 -2.86102294921875e-06
grad: 3.0 6.0 -5.7220458984375e-06
loss: 9.094947017729282e-13
progress: 98 9.094947017729282e-13
grad: 1.0 2.0 -7.152557373046875e-07
grad: 2.0 4.0 -2.86102294921875e-06
grad: 3.0 6.0 -5.7220458984375e-06
loss: 9.094947017729282e-13
progress: 99 9.094947017729282e-13
predict(after training) 4 7.999998569488525

发现经过100次的迭代，最后结果4 7.999998569488525，非常接近8。

plt.plot(epoch_list,loss_list)
plt.ylabel('Loss')
plt.xlabel('epoch')
plt.show()

总结

以上就是简单的反向传播示例了。构建模型的过程实际上就是构建传播图的过程。其中pytorch的方法 l = loss(x,y), l.backward()可直接计算出整个构建图的方向传播的梯度，非常方便，难怪pytorch这么火！