- #include "mex.h"
- void mexFunction(int nlhs, mxArray *plhs[], int nrhs, const mxArray *prhs[])
- {
- mexPrintf("hello,world!\n");
- }
假设你把hello.c放在了C:\TEST\下，在Matlab里用CD C:\TEST\ 将当前目录改为C:\TEST\（注意，仅将C:\TEST\加入搜索路径是没有用的）。现在敲：
mex hello.c
如果一切顺利，编译应该在出现编译器提示信息后正常退出。如果你已将C:\TEST\加入了搜索路径，现在键入hello，程序会在屏幕上打出一行： hello,world!
nlhs：输出参数数目
plhs：指向输出参数的指针
nrhs：输入参数数目
例如，使用
[a,b]=test(c,d,e)
调用mex函数test时，传给test的这三个参数分别是 prhs[0]=c ，prhs[1]=d ，prhs[2]=e
当函数返回时，将会把你放在plhs[0]，plhs[1]里的地址赋给a和b，达到返回数据的目的。
细心的你也许已经注意到，prhs[i]和plhs[i]都是指向类型mxArray类型数据的指针。 这个类型是在mex.h中定义的，事实上，在Matlab里大多数数据都是以这种类型存在。当然还有其他的数据类型，可以参考Apiguide.pdf里的介绍。
- //hello.c 2.0
- #include "mex.h"
- void mexFunction(int nlhs, mxArray *plhs[], int nrhs, const mxArray *prhs[])
- {
- int i;
- i=mxGetScalar(prhs[0]);
- if(i==1)
- mexPrintf("hello,world!\n");
- else
- mexPrintf("大家好！\n");
- }
将这个程序编译通过后，执行hello(1),屏幕上会打出：
hello,world!
而hello(0)将会得到：
大家好！
现在，程序hello已经可以根据输入参数来给出相应的屏幕输出。在这个程序里，除了用到了屏幕输出函数mexPrintf（用法跟c里的printf函数几乎完全一样）外，还用到了一个函数：mxGetScalar，调用方式如下：
i=mxGetScalar(prhs[0]);
"Scalar"就是标量的意思。在Matlab里数据都是以数组的形式存在的，mxGetScalar的作用就是把通过prhs[0]传递进来的mxArray类型的指针指向的数据（标量）赋给C程序里的变量。这个变量本来应该是double类型的，通过强制类型转换赋给了整形变量i。既然有标量，显然还应该有矢量，否则矩阵就没法传了。看下面的程序：
- //hello.c 2.1
- #include "mex.h"
- void mexFunction(int nlhs, mxArray *plhs[],
- int nrhs, const mxArray *prhs[])
- {
- int *i;
- i=mxGetPr(prhs[0]); //prhs是一个指针数组（每一个是一个指针），所以返回一个指针
- if(i[0]==1)
- mexPrintf("hello,world!\n");
- else
- mexPrintf("大家好！\n");
- }
这样，就通过mxGetPr函数从指向mxArray类型数据的prhs[0]获得了指向double类型的指针。
但是，还有个问题，如果输入的不是单个的数据，而是向量或矩阵，那该怎么处理呢 ？通过mxGetPr只能得到指向这个矩阵的指针，如果我们不知道这个矩阵的确切大小，就 没法对它进行计算。
为了解决这个问题，Matlab提供了两个函数mxGetM和mxGetN来获得传进来参数的行数 和列数。下面例程的功能很简单，就是获得输入的矩阵，把它在屏幕上显示出来：
- //show.c 1.0
- #include "mex.h"
- #include "mex.h"
- void mexFunction(int nlhs, mxArray *plhs[], int nrhs, const mxArray *prhs[])
- {
- double *data;
- int M,N;
- int i,j;
- data=mxGetPr(prhs[0]); //获得指向矩阵的指针
- M=mxGetM(prhs[0]); //获得矩阵的行数
- N=mxGetN(prhs[0]); //获得矩阵的列数
- for(i=0;i<M;i++)
- { for(j=0;j<N;j++)
- mexPrintf("%4.3f ",data[j*M+i]);
- mexPrintf("\n");
- }
- }
编译完成后，用下面的命令测试一下：
- a=1:10;
- b=[a;a+1];
- show(a)
- show(b)
- // 获取维度个数
- numOfDim = mxGetNumberOfDimensions(pArray);
- // 获取维度数组
- Dims = mxGetDimensions(pArray);
需要注意的是，在Matlab里，矩阵第一行是从1开始的，而在C语言中，第一行的序数为零，Matlab里的矩阵元素b(i,j)在传递到C中的一维数组data后对应于data[j*M+i] 。 输入数据是在函数调用之前已经在Matlab里申请了内存的，由于mex函数与Matlab共用同一个地址空间，因而在prhs[]里传递指针就可以达到参数传递的目的。但是，输出参数却需要在mex函数内申请到内存空间，才能将指针放在plhs[]中传递出去。由于返回指针类型必须是mxArray，所以Matlab专门提供了一个函数：mxCreateDoubleMatrix来实现内存的申请，函数原型如下：
mxArray *mxCreateDoubleMatrix(int m, int n, mxComplexity ComplexFlag)
m：待申请矩阵的行数
n：待申请矩阵的列数
为矩阵申请内存后，得到的是mxArray类型的指针，就可以放在plhs[]里传递回去了。但是对这个新矩阵的处理，却要在函数内完成，这时就需要用到前面介绍的mxGetPr。使用 mxGetPr获得指向这个矩阵中数据区的指针（double类型）后，就可以对这个矩阵进行各种操作和运算了。下面的程序是在上面的show.c的基础上稍作改变得到的，功能是将输出处理后的元素：
- //reverse.c 1.0
- #include "mex.h"
- void mexFunction(int nlhs, mxArray *plhs[],
- int nrhs, const mxArray *prhs[])
- {
- double *inData;
- double *outData;
- int M,N;
- int i,j;
- inData=mxGetPr(prhs[0]);
- M=mxGetM(prhs[0]);
- N=mxGetN(prhs[0]);
- plhs[0]=mxCreateDoubleMatrix(M,N,mxREAL);
- outData=mxGetPr(plhs[0]);
- for(i=0;i<M;i++)
- for(j=0;j<N;j++)
- outData[j*M+i]=inData[(N-1-j)*M+i];
- }
当然，Matlab里使用到的并不是只有double类型这一种矩阵，还有字符串类型、稀疏矩阵、结构类型矩阵等等，并提供了相应的处理函数。本文用到编制mex程序中最经常遇到的一些函数，其余的详细情况清参考Apiref.pdf。
通过前面两部分的介绍，大家对参数的输入和输出方法应该有了基本的了解。具备了这些知识，就能够满足一般的编程需要了。但这些程序还有些小的缺陷，以前面介绍的re由于前面的例程中没有对输入、输出参数的数目及类型进行检查，导致程序的容错性很差，以下程序则容错性较好
- #include "mex.h"
- void mexFunction(int nlhs, mxArray *plhs[], int nrhs, const mxArray *prhs[])
- {
- double *inData;
- double *outData;
- int M,N;
- //异常处理
- //异常处理
- if(nrhs!=1)
- mexErrMsgTxt("USAGE: b=reverse(a)\n");
- if(!mxIsDouble(prhs[0]))
- mexErrMsgTxt("the Input Matrix must be double!\n");
- inData=mxGetPr(prhs[0]);
- M=mxGetM(prhs[0]);
- N=mxGetN(prhs[0]);
- plhs[0]=mxCreateDoubleMatrix(M,N,mxREAL);
- outData=mxGetPr(plhs[0]);
- for(i=0;i<M;i++)
- for(j=0;j<N;j++)
- outData[j*M+i]=inData[(N-1-j)*M+i];
- }
在上面的异常处理中，使用了两个新的函数：mexErrMsgTxt和mxIsDouble。MexErrMsgTxt在给出出错提示的同时退出当前程序的运行。MxIsDouble则用于判断mxArray中的数据是否double类型。当然Matlab还提供了许多用于判断其他数据类型的函数，这里不加详述。
需要说明的是，Matlab提供的API中，函数前缀有mex-和mx-两种。带mx-前缀的大多是对mxArray数据进行操作的函数，如mxIsDouble,mxCreateDoubleMatrix等等。而带mx前缀的则大多是与Matlab环境进行交互的函数，如mexPrintf，mxErrMsgTxt等等。了解了这一点，对在Apiref.pdf中查找所需的函数很有帮助。
MX Matrix Library
| Type for index values | |
| Pointer type for platform | |
| Signed integer type for size values | |
| Type for size values | |
| Field to structure array | |
| Type for MATLAB array | |
| Convert array to string | |
| Check assertion value for debugging purposes | |
| Check assertion value without printing assertion text | |
| Offset from first element to desired element | |
| Allocate dynamic memory for array using MATLAB memory manager | |
| Type for string array | |
| Enumerated value identifying class of array | |
| Identifier corresponding to class | |
| Flag specifying whether array has imaginary components | |
| CHARACTER values from Fortran array to pointer array | |
| COMPLEX*16 values from Fortran array to pointer array | |
| COMPLEX*8 values from Fortran array to pointer array | |
| INTEGER*1 values from Fortran array to pointer array | |
| INTEGER*2 values from Fortran array to pointer array | |
| INTEGER*4 values from Fortran array to pointer array | |
| CHARACTER values from pointer array to Fortran array | |
| COMPLEX*16 values from pointer array to Fortran array | |
| COMPLEX*8 values from pointer array to Fortran array | |
| INTEGER*1 values from pointer array to Fortran array | |
| INTEGER*2 values from pointer array to Fortran array | |
| INTEGER*4 values from pointer array to Fortran array | |
| Pointer values from pointer array to Fortran array | |
| REAL*4 values from pointer array to Fortran array | |
| REAL*8 values from pointer array to Fortran array | |
| REAL*4 values from Fortran array to pointer array | |
| REAL*8 values from Fortran array to pointer array | |
| Unpopulated N-D cell array | |
| Unpopulated 2-D cell array | |
| Unpopulated N-D string array | |
| Create populated 2-D string array | |
| 2-D, double-precision, floating-point array initialized to 0 | |
| Scalar, double-precision array initialized to specified value | |
| N-D logical array initialized to false | |
| 2-D, logical array initialized to false | |
| Scalar, logical array | |
| Unpopulated N-D numeric array | |
| Numeric matrix initialized to 0 | |
| 2-D unpopulated sparse array | |
| Unpopulated 2-D, sparse, logical array | |
| Create 1-by-N array initialized to specified string | |
| Unpopulated N-D structure array | |
| Unpopulated 2-D structure array | |
| Free dynamic memory allocated by MXCREATE* functions | |
| Make deep copy of array | |
| Free dynamic memory allocated by MXCALLOC, MXMALLOC, or MXREALLOC functions | |
| Contents of array cell | |
| Pointer to character array data | |
| Class of array | |
| Class of array as string | |
| Pointer to real data | |
| Pointer to dimensions array | |
| Number of bytes required to store each data element | |
| Value of EPS | |
| Field value, given field name and index, into structure array | |
| Field value, given field number and index, into structure array | |
| Field name, given field number, in structure array | |
| Field number, given field name, in structure array | |
| Pointer to imaginary data of array | |
| Value of infinity | |
| Sparse matrix IR array | |
| Sparse matrix JC array | |
| Pointer to logical array data | |
| Number of rows in array | |
| Number of columns in array | |
| Value of NaN (Not-a-Number) | |
| Number of dimensions in array | |
| Number of elements in array | |
| Number of fields in structure array | |
| Number of elements in IR, PR, and PI arrays | |
| Imaginary data elements in array of type DOUBLE | |
| Real data elements in array of type DOUBLE | |
| Value of public property of MATLAB object | |
| Real component of first data element in array | |
| String array to C-style string | |
| Determine whether input is cell array | |
| Determine whether input is string array | |
| Determine whether array is member of specified class | |
| Determine whether data is complex | |
| Determine whether mxArray represents data as double-precision, floating-point numbers | |
| Determine whether array is empty | |
| Determine whether input is finite | |
| Determine whether array was copied from MATLAB global workspace | |
| Determine whether input is infinite | |
| Determine whether array represents data as signed 16-bit integers | |
| Determine whether array represents data as signed 32-bit integers | |
| Determine whether array represents data as signed 64-bit integers | |
| Determine whether array represents data as signed 8-bit integers | |
| Determine whether array is of type mxLogical | |
| Determine whether scalar array is of type mxLogical | |
| Determine whether scalar array of type mxLogical is true | |
| Determine whether input is NaN (Not-a-Number) | |
| Determine whether array is numeric | |
| Determine whether array represents data as single-precision, floating-point numbers | |
| Determine whether input is sparse array | |
| Determine whether input is structure array | |
| Determine whether array represents data as unsigned 16-bit integers | |
| Determine whether array represents data as unsigned 32-bit integers | |
| Determine whether array represents data as unsigned 64-bit integers | |
| Determine whether array represents data as unsigned 8-bit integers | |
| Type for logical array | |
| Allocate dynamic memory using MATLAB memory manager | |
| Reallocate dynamic memory using MATLAB memory manager | |
| Remove field from structure array | |
| Value of one cell of array | |
| Convert structure array to MATLAB object array | |
| Set pointer to data | |
| Modify number of dimensions and size of each dimension | |
| Set structure array field, given structure field name and array index | |
| Set structure array field, given field number and index | |
| Imaginary data pointer for array | |
| IR array of sparse array | |
| JC array of sparse array | |
| Number of rows in array | |
| Set number of columns in array | |
| Set storage space for nonzero elements | |
| Set new imaginary data for array | |
| Set new real data for array | |
| Set value of public property of MATLAB object |
MEX Library
| Register function to call when MEX-function cleared or MATLAB software terminates | |
| Call MATLAB function, user-defined function, or MEX-file | |
| Call MATLAB function, user-defined function, or MEX-file and capture error information | |
| Display error message with identifier and return to MATLAB prompt | |
| Display error message and return to MATLAB prompt | |
| Execute MATLAB command in caller workspace | |
| Execute MATLAB command in caller workspace and capture error information | |
| Entry point to C/C++ or Fortran MEX-file | |
| Name of current MEX-function | |
| Value of specified Handle Graphics property | |
| Copy of variable from specified workspace | |
| Read-only pointer to variable from another workspace | |
| Determine whether variable has global scope | |
| Determine whether MEX-file is locked | |
| Prevent clearing MEX-file from memory | |
| Make array persist after MEX-file completes | |
| Make memory allocated by MATLAB software persist after MEX-function completes | |
| ANSI C PRINTF-style output routine | |
| Array from MEX-function into specified workspace | |
| Set value of specified Handle Graphics property | |
| Control response of MEXCALLMATLAB to errors | |
| Allow clearing MEX-file from memory | |
| Warning message with identifier | |
| Warning message |
参考：
http://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-620659-579885.html
http://blog.csdn.net/raodotcong/article/details/6295859
扫一扫
3008
被折叠的 条评论
为什么被折叠?
到【灌水乐园】发言
