30-操作符重载的概念
- C++中的重载能够扩展操作符的功能
- 操作符的重载以函数的方式进行
- 本质:用特殊形式的函数扩展操作符的功能
- 通过operator关键字可以定义特殊的函数
- operator的本质是通过函数重载操作符
- 语法:
Type operator Sign(const Type& p1, const Type& p2) {
Type ret;
return ret;
}
// Sign为系统中预定义的操作符,如:+,-,*,/等
【范例代码】操作符重载初探
#include <stdio.h>
class Complex {
int a;
int b;
public:
Complex(int a = 0, int b = 0) {
this->a = a;
this->b = b;
}
int getA() {
return a;
}
int getB() {
return b;
}
friend Complex operator + (const Complex& p1, const Complex& p2);
};
Complex operator + (const Complex& p1, const Complex& p2) {
Complex ret;
ret.a = p1.a + p2.a;
ret.b = p1.b + p2.b;
return ret;
}
int main(int argc, const char* argv[]) {
Complex c1(1, 2);
Complex c2(3, 4);
Complex c3 = c1 + c2; // operator + (c1, c2)
printf("c3.a = %d, c3.b = %d\n", c3.getA(), c3.getB());
return 0;
}
可以将操作符重载函数定义为类的成员函数:
- 比全局操作符重载函数少一个参数(左操作数)
- 不需要依赖友元就可以完成操作符重载
- 编译器优先在成员函数中寻找操作符重载函数
class Type {
public:
Type operator Sign(const Type& p) {
Type ret;
return ret;
}
};
【范例代码】成员函数重载操作符
#include <stdio.h>
class Complex {
int a;
int b;
public:
Complex(int a = 0, int b = 0) {
this->a = a;
this->b = b;
}
int getA() {
return a;
}
int getB() {
return b;
}
Complex operator + (const Complex& p) {
Complex ret;
printf("Complex operator + (const Complex& p)\n");
ret.a = this->a + p.a;
ret.b = this->b + p.b;
return ret;
}
friend Complex operator + (const Complex& p1, const Complex& p2);
};
Complex operator + (const Complex& p1, const Complex& p2) {
Complex ret;
printf("Complex operator + (const Complex& p1, const Complex& p2)\n");
ret.a = p1.a + p2.a;
ret.b = p1.b + p2.b;
return ret;
}
int main(int argc, const char* argv[]) {
Complex c1(1, 2);
Complex c2(3, 4);
Complex c3 = c1 + c2; // c1.operator + (c2)
printf("c3.a = %d, c3.b = %d\n", c3.getA(), c3.getB());
return 0;
}