44-继承中的访问级别
【问题】子类是否可以直接访问父类的私有成员?
【范例代码】继承中的访问级别
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
class Parent {
private:
int mv;
public:
Parent() {
mv = 100;
}
int value() {
return mv;
}
};
class Child : public Parent {
public:
int addValue(int v) {
mv = mv + v; // ???? 如何访问父类的非公有成员
}
};
int main(int argc, const char* argv[]) {
return 0;
}
继承中的访问级别:
- public:不改变父类成员的性质,即父类public的成员在子类中仍然是public,protected的成员在子类中仍然是protected
- private:父类所有的成员在子类中变成private成员,基类中的private成员变量,在派生类中不可访问,但是基类的protected的成员变量可以访问
- protected:父类public类型的成员在子类中变为protected类型,protected的成员被继承仍然是protected,protected成员可以在子类中访问,但不能在外界访问
【范例代码】protected初体验
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
class Parent {
protected:
int mv;
public:
Parent() {
mv = 100;
}
int value() {
return mv;
}
};
class Child : public Parent {
public:
int addValue(int v) {
mv = mv + v;
}
};
int main(int argc, const char* argv[]) {
Parent p;
cout << "p.mv = " << p.value() << endl;
// p.mv = 1000; // error
Child c;
cout << "c.mv = " << c.value() << endl;
c.addValue(50);
cout << "c.mv = " << c.value() << endl;
// c.mv = 10000; // error
return 0;
}
【问题】为什么面向对象中需要protected?
【范例代码】综合实例
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <sstream>
using namespace std;
class Object {
protected:
string mName;
string mInfo;
public:
Object() {
mName = "Object";
mInfo = "";
}
string name() {
return mName;
}
string info() {
return mInfo;
}
};
class Point : public Object {
private:
int mX;
int mY;
public:
Point(int x = 0, int y = 0) {
ostringstream s;
mX = x;
mY = y;
mName = "Point";
s << "P(" << mX << ", " << mY << ")";
mInfo = s.str();
}
int x() {
return mX;
}
int y() {
return mY;
}
};
class Line : public Object {
private:
Point mP1;
Point mP2;
public:
Line(Point p1, Point p2) {
ostringstream s;
mP1 = p1;
mP2 = p2;
mName = "Line";
s << "Line from " << mP1.info() << " to " << mP2.info();
mInfo = s.str();
}
Point begin() {
return mP1;
}
Point end() {
return mP2;
}
};
int main(int argc, const char* argv[]) {
Object o;
Point p(1, 2);
Point pn(5, 6);
Line l(p, pn);
cout << o.name() << endl;
cout << o.info() << endl;
cout << endl;
cout << p.name() << endl;
cout << p.info() << endl;
cout << endl;
cout << l.name() << endl;
cout << l.info() << endl;
return 0;
}