Python入门到实践：day two

列表

一系列按照特定顺序排列的元素组成。

bicycles=["trek","cannondable","redline","specialized"]
print(bicycles)

• 访问列表元素

bicycles=["trek","cannondable","redline","specialized"]
print(bicycles[0])#访问列表第一个元素
print(bicycles[0].title())
>trek
>Trek

• 索引
  从0开始，而不是从1开始。
  例如"trek"的索引为0。

   print(bicycles[-1])#访问列表最后一个元素
   print(bicycles[-2])#访问列表倒数第二个元素

• 使用列表中各个值

message="My first bicycle was a "+bicycles[0].title()+"."
print(message)

• 修改，添加或删除列表元素

motorcycles=["honda","yamaha","suzuki"]
print(motorcycles)
motorcycles[0]='ducati'
print(motorcycles)

• 在列表末尾添加元素

motorcycles=["honda","yamaha","suzuki"]
print(motorcycles)
motorcycles.append("ducati")#方法append()将元素添加到列表末尾
print(motorcycles)

• 通过append()添加元素

motorcycles=[]
motorcycles.append("honda")
motorcycles.append("yamaha")
motorcycles.append("suzuki")

• 在列表中插入元素

motorcycles=["honda","yamaha","suzuki"]
motorcycles.insert(0,"ducati")#方法insert()，指定插入元素值与索引位置

• 从列表中删除元素

motorcycles=["honda","yamaha","suzuki"]
print(motorcycles)
del motorcycles[0]#del 删除指定索引位置的值
print(motorcycles)
popped_motorcycle=motorcycles.pop()#方法pop()，默认删除列表末尾的值，但任然可以访问
print(motorcycles)
print(popped_motorcycle)

motorcycles=["honda","yamaha","suzuki"]
first_owned=motorcycles.pop(0)#pop()方法可指定删除特定索引位置值
print("The first owned was a "+first_owned.title()+"!")

• 根据值删除元素

motorcycles=["honda","yamaha","suzuki","ducati"]
too_expensive="ducati"
motorcycles.remove(too_expensive)#remove()方法根据元素值删除列表中元素
print(motorcycles)
print("\nA "+too_expensive.title()+" is too expensive for me!")

• 组织列表

cars=["bmw","audi","toyota","subaru"]
cars.sort()#方法sort()永久性对列表进行排序
print(cars)

cars=["bmw","audi","toyota","subaru"]
cars.sort(reverse=True)#方法sort()永久性对列表进行排序,reverse=True,按照字母顺序相反方向排列
print(cars)

• 暂时性对列表进行排序

cars=["bmw","audi","toyota","subaru"]
print("Here is the ordinary list:")
print(cars)
print("\nHere is the sorted list:")
print(sorted(cars))#函数sorted()对列表进行临时排序
print("\nHere is the ordinary list again:")
print(cars)

• 反转列表元素排列

cars=["bmw","audi","toyota","subaru"]
cars.reverse()#方法reverse()永久性反转列表元素
print(cars)

• 确定列表长度

cars=["bmw","audi","toyota","subaru"]
len(cars)#函数len()获取列表长度，即列表元素数量