透视投影矩阵的构建

投影矩阵最终建立的是一个平截头体（也可以称为台），在这种变换下呈现远小近大的效果。这里我将我学到知识记录下来，以后备忘用。

蒋彩阳原创文章，首发地址：http://blog.csdn.net/gamesdev/article/details/44926299。欢迎同行前来探讨。

       首先是使用OpenGL的glFrustum函数，它要求传入的是前后、左右、上下等参数，这要求这个平截头体是轴对称的。由它构成的矩阵是为：

       如果我们使用的不是glFrustum，而是glPerspetive，那么它的公式就更加简单了：

       我们可以借助Qt来验证一下：

 

1. #include <math.h>

2. #include <QDebug>

3. #include <QCoreApplication>

4. #include <QVector3D>

5. #include <QMatrix4x4>

6.  

7. qreal deg2Rad( qreal deg )

8. {

9. return deg * 2 * M_PI / 180.0f;

10. }

11.  

12. int main(int argc, char *argv[])

13. {

14. QCoreApplication a(argc, argv);

15.  

16. qreal fov = 45.0;

17. qreal aspectRatio = 16.0 / 9.0;

18. qreal near = 0.5;

19. qreal far = 500.0;

20.  

21. qreal left = -near * tan( deg2Rad( fov ) / 2.0 ) * aspectRatio;

22. qreal right = near * tan( deg2Rad( fov ) / 2.0 ) * aspectRatio;

23. qreal bottom = -near * tan( deg2Rad( fov ) / 2.0 );

24. qreal top = near * tan( deg2Rad( fov ) / 2.0 );

25.  

26. QMatrix4x4 matrix;

27. matrix.frustum( left, right, bottom, top, near, far );

28.  

29. qDebug( ) << "The normal perspective matrix is: " << matrix;

30.  

31. QMatrix4x4 matrix_2;

32. float* d = matrix_2.data( );

33. d[0] = 2 * near / ( right - left );

34. d[1] = 0.0;

35. d[2] = 0.0;

36. d[3] = 0.0;

37. d[4] = 0.0;

38. d[5] = 2 * near / ( top - bottom );

39. d[6] = 0.0;

40. d[7] = 0.0;

41. d[8] = ( right + left ) / ( right - left );

42. d[9] = ( top + bottom ) / ( top - bottom );

43. d[10] = -( far + near ) / ( far - near );

44. d[11] = -1;

45. d[12] = 0.0;

46. d[13] = 0.0;

47. d[14] = -2 * far * near / ( far - near );

48. d[15] = 0.0;

49.  

50. qDebug( ) << "The user manipulated matrix is: " << matrix_2;

51.  

52. QMatrix4x4 matrix_3;

53. d = matrix_3.data( );

54. d[0] = 1.0 / ( tan( deg2Rad( fov ) / 2.0 ) * aspectRatio );

55. d[1] = 0.0;

56. d[2] = 0.0;

57. d[3] = 0.0;

58. d[4] = 0.0;

59. d[5] = 1.0 / ( tan( deg2Rad( fov ) / 2.0 ) );

60. d[6] = 0.0;

61. d[7] = 0.0;

62. d[8] = 0.0;

63. d[9] = 0.0;

64. d[10] = -( far + near ) / ( far - near );

65. d[11] = -1;

66. d[12] = 0.0;

67. d[13] = 0.0;

68. d[14] = -2 * far * near / ( far - near );

69. d[15] = 0.0;

70.  

71. qDebug( ) << "Another user manipulated matrix is: " << matrix_3;

72.  

73. return a.exec( );

74. }

注意：和OpenGL一样，矩阵是列主序的，所以上述公式在赋值的时候要一列一列地读，先读第一列的四个数，然后第二列……运行结果如下：