英文写作——The Elements of Style知识点解读6—位于句首的分词短语必须和句子的语法主语相关

The Elements of Style

Elementary Rules of Usage 惯用法的基本规则

第11条：

Rule 11: A participial phrase at the beginning of a sentence must refer to the grammatical subject.

位于句首的分词短语必须和句子的语法主语相关

Walking slowly down the road, he saw a woman accompanied by two children. (这里句子的主语是he,而不是woman,如果句子主语变成woman,应该改写为如下形式: He saw a woman, accompanied by two children, walking slowly down the road.)

分词短语前有介词或连词，用作同位语的名词、形容词或形容词短语位于句首时，也遵循上述原则；

分词短语前有介词位于句首的示例：On arriving in Beijing, her boyfriend met her at the airport. (错误示例，分词短语arriving的主语是she,然后后半句的主语变成了her boyfriend,前后不一致，正确的应该改为： On arriving in Beijing, she was met at the airport by her boyfriend.这样前后主语才一致)

用作同位语的名词位于句首的示例：A scientist of proved talent, they entrusted him with the hard task. (错误示例，前半句表示这句话应该是a scientist作主语,然而后半句主语突然变成they，前后不一致，正确写法应该为：A scientist of proved talent, he was entrusted with the hard task. 这样前后主语就都是这个scientist )

形容词位于句首做定语修饰主语的示例： Young and naive, the old guy treated her. (错误示例，前半句的形容词应该修饰的是she,而后半句主语变成了he，正确写法应该为：Young and naive, she was treated by the old guy. 这样前后主语都是she)

with作伴随状语位于句首的示例：With a tutor to guide him,  the homework seems easy. (错误示例，伴随状语的逻辑主语必须是全句的主语，所以这句话主语应该是he，正确的写法应该为：With a tutor to guide him, he found the homework easy.)

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这条比较短，就这些喽。

OK, 到这里The Elements of Style第一部分Elementary Rules of Usage（惯用法的基本规则）算是学完啦，接下来要进阶第二部分喽，啦啦啦。