Ray

public Ray(Vector3 origin, Vector3 direction);

射线：origin为起始点，direction为射线方向

 public static bool Raycast(Ray ray);

物理射线监测：返回值为bool型，可以确定射线有无碰撞到碰撞体

public static bool Raycast(Ray ray, out RaycastHit hitInfo);

与上面类似，但能返回出来射线碰撞到的物体的物体信息，如：

public class RayTest : MonoBehaviour
{
    public GameObject cube;
    Ray myRay;

   
   
    void Update()
    {
        myRay=new Ray(cube.transform.position,Vector3.forward);

        RaycastHit hitInfo;
        if(Physics.Raycast(myRay,out hitInfo))
        {
            Debug.Log("transform:"+hitInfo.transform.name+"point:"+hitInfo.point+"normal:"+hitInfo.normal);
        }
    }
}

可知：normal为碰撞到的点所在的面的法向量

RaycastHit是一个结构体，out出来的hitInfo包含：

public Collider collider { get; } 碰撞体

public float distance { get; set; } 碰撞体与射线起始点的距离

public Vector3 normal { get; set; } 碰撞点所在碰撞的法向量

public Vector3 point { get; set; } 碰撞点世界坐标系下的坐标

public Rigidbody rigidbody { get; } 碰撞到的物体的刚体

public Transform transform { get; } 碰撞到的物体的Transform组件

namespace UnityEngine
{
    //
    // 摘要:
    //     Structure used to get information back from a raycast.
    [NativeHeaderAttribute("PhysicsScriptingClasses.h")]
    [NativeHeaderAttribute("Modules/Physics/RaycastHit.h")]
    [NativeHeaderAttribute("Runtime/Interfaces/IRaycast.h")]
    [UsedByNativeCodeAttribute]
    public struct RaycastHit
    {
        //
        // 摘要:
        //     The Collider that was hit.
        public Collider collider { get; }
        //
        // 摘要:
        //     Instance ID of the Collider that was hit.
        public int colliderInstanceID { get; }
        //
        // 摘要:
        //     The impact point in world space where the ray hit the collider.
        public Vector3 point { get; set; }
        //
        // 摘要:
        //     The normal of the surface the ray hit.
        public Vector3 normal { get; set; }
        //
        // 摘要:
        //     The barycentric coordinate of the triangle we hit.
        public Vector3 barycentricCoordinate { get; set; }
        //
        // 摘要:
        //     The distance from the ray's origin to the impact point.
        public float distance { get; set; }
        //
        // 摘要:
        //     The index of the triangle that was hit.
        public int triangleIndex { get; }
        //
        // 摘要:
        //     The uv texture coordinate at the collision location.
        public Vector2 textureCoord { get; }
        //
        // 摘要:
        //     The secondary uv texture coordinate at the impact point.
        public Vector2 textureCoord2 { get; }
        //
        // 摘要:
        //     The Transform of the rigidbody or collider that was hit.
        public Transform transform { get; }
        //
        // 摘要:
        //     The Rigidbody of the collider that was hit. If the collider is not attached to
        //     a rigidbody then it is null.
        public Rigidbody rigidbody { get; }
        //
        // 摘要:
        //     The ArticulationBody of the collider that was hit. If the collider is not attached
        //     to an articulation body then it is null.
        public ArticulationBody articulationBody { get; }
        //
        // 摘要:
        //     The uv lightmap coordinate at the impact point.
        public Vector2 lightmapCoord { get; }
        [EditorBrowsable(EditorBrowsableState.Never)]
        [Obsolete("Use textureCoord2 instead. (UnityUpgradable) -> textureCoord2")]
        public Vector2 textureCoord1 { get; }
    }
}

public static bool Raycast(Ray ray, out RaycastHit hitInfo, float maxDistance);

与上面类似，但不是无限延伸的射线，最后一个参数规定了最大距离

public static bool Raycast(Ray ray, out RaycastHit hitInfo, float maxDistance, int layerMask);

这里的最后一个参数可以设置层级（int型），方法类似于我这一篇讲的Culling Mask

Light组件_J-SL的博客-CSDN博客

当然，也可以通过左移运算符来设置层级

左移运算符<<：左移表示乘以2，左移多少位表示乘以2的几次幂；

右移运算符>>：移动多少位表示除以2的几次幂。

if(Physics.Raycast(myRay,out hitInfo,100,1<<LayerMask.NameToLayer("UI")))
        {
            Debug.Log("transform:"+hitInfo.transform.name+"point:"+hitInfo.point+"normal:"+hitInfo.normal);
        }

这样便可以检测UI层

位运算符：与（&）、非（~）、或（|）、异或（^）、<<（左移）、>>（右移）

想要检测多个层级可以：

if(Physics.Raycast(myRay,out hitInfo,100,1<<LayerMask.NameToLayer("UI")|1<<LayerMask.NameToLayer("Default")))
        {
            Debug.Log("transform:"+hitInfo.transform.name+"point:"+hitInfo.point+"normal:"+hitInfo.normal);
        }

public static RaycastHit[] RaycastAll(Vector3 origin, Vector3 direction, [Internal.DefaultValue("Mathf.Infinity")] float maxDistance, [Internal.DefaultValue("DefaultRaycastLayers")] int layerMask, [Internal.DefaultValue("QueryTriggerInteraction.UseGlobal")] QueryTriggerInteraction queryTriggerInteraction);

检测多层，返回的是RaycastHit类型的数组

在应用方面，射线检测在3d射击游戏中，将屏幕坐标系转换成空间坐标系，可以直接：

Camera.main.ScreenPointToRay(Input.mousePosition);