RT1176-2(链接脚本)

从链接脚本开始.

以hello_world工程为例:构建完工程打开Debug目录下的evkmimxrt1170_hello_world_demo_cm7_Debug.ld 。

INCLUDE "evkmimxrt1170_hello_world_demo_cm7_Debug_library.ld"
INCLUDE "evkmimxrt1170_hello_world_demo_cm7_Debug_memory.ld"
ENTRY(ResetISR)
........

这里分段学习,第一段如上:第一行和第二行的INCLUDE语句如C语言一样,包含了两个其他的脚本。在Debug目录下可找到。

1、打开evkmimxrt1170_hello_world_demo_cm7_Debug_library.ld的内容如下:
GROUP (
  "libcr_nohost_nf.a"
  "libcr_c.a"
  "libcr_eabihelpers.a"
  "libgcc.a"
)

根据文件名和文件内容可分析猜测得:这里是链接包好一些库文件,C库等。

2、打开evkmimxrt1170_hello_world_demo_cm7_Debug_memory.ld的内容如下:
 MEMORY
{
  /* Define each memory region */
  BOARD_FLASH (rx) : ORIGIN = 0x30000000, LENGTH = 0x1000000 /* 16M bytes (alias Flash) */  
  BOARD_SDRAM (rwx) : ORIGIN = 0x80000000, LENGTH = 0x3000000 /* 48M bytes (alias RAM) */  
  NCACHE_REGION (rwx) : ORIGIN = 0x83000000, LENGTH = 0x1000000 /* 16M bytes (alias RAM2) */  
  SRAM_DTC_cm7 (rwx) : ORIGIN = 0x20000000, LENGTH = 0x40000 /* 256K bytes (alias RAM3) */  
  SRAM_ITC_cm7 (rwx) : ORIGIN = 0x0, LENGTH = 0x40000 /* 256K bytes (alias RAM4) */  
  SRAM_OC1 (rwx) : ORIGIN = 0x20240000, LENGTH = 0x80000 /* 512K bytes (alias RAM5) */  
  SRAM_OC2 (rwx) : ORIGIN = 0x202c0000, LENGTH = 0x80000 /* 512K bytes (alias RAM6) */  
  SRAM_OC_ECC1 (rwx) : ORIGIN = 0x20340000, LENGTH = 0x10000 /* 64K bytes (alias RAM7) */  
  SRAM_OC_ECC2 (rwx) : ORIGIN = 0x20350000, LENGTH = 0x10000 /* 64K bytes (alias RAM8) */  
}

  /* Define a symbol for the top of each memory region */
  __base_BOARD_FLASH = 0x30000000  ; /* BOARD_FLASH */  
  __base_Flash = 0x30000000 ; /* Flash */  
  __top_BOARD_FLASH = 0x30000000 + 0x1000000 ; /* 16M bytes */  
  __top_Flash = 0x30000000 + 0x1000000 ; /* 16M bytes */  
  __base_BOARD_SDRAM = 0x80000000  ; /* BOARD_SDRAM */  
  __base_RAM = 0x80000000 ; /* RAM */  
  __top_BOARD_SDRAM = 0x80000000 + 0x3000000 ; /* 48M bytes */  
  __top_RAM = 0x80000000 + 0x3000000 ; /* 48M bytes */  
  __base_NCACHE_REGION = 0x83000000  ; /* NCACHE_REGION */  
  __base_RAM2 = 0x83000000 ; /* RAM2 */  
  __top_NCACHE_REGION = 0x83000000 + 0x1000000 ; /* 16M bytes */  
  __top_RAM2 = 0x83000000 + 0x1000000 ; /* 16M bytes */  
  __base_SRAM_DTC_cm7 = 0x20000000  ; /* SRAM_DTC_cm7 */  
  __base_RAM3 = 0x20000000 ; /* RAM3 */  
  __top_SRAM_DTC_cm7 = 0x20000000 + 0x40000 ; /* 256K bytes */  
  __top_RAM3 = 0x20000000 + 0x40000 ; /* 256K bytes */  
  __base_SRAM_ITC_cm7 = 0x0  ; /* SRAM_ITC_cm7 */  
  __base_RAM4 = 0x0 ; /* RAM4 */  
  __top_SRAM_ITC_cm7 = 0x0 + 0x40000 ; /* 256K bytes */  
  __top_RAM4 = 0x0 + 0x40000 ; /* 256K bytes */  
  __base_SRAM_OC1 = 0x20240000  ; /* SRAM_OC1 */  
  __base_RAM5 = 0x20240000 ; /* RAM5 */  
  __top_SRAM_OC1 = 0x20240000 + 0x80000 ; /* 512K bytes */  
  __top_RAM5 = 0x20240000 + 0x80000 ; /* 512K bytes */  
  __base_SRAM_OC2 = 0x202c0000  ; /* SRAM_OC2 */  
  __base_RAM6 = 0x202c0000 ; /* RAM6 */  
  __top_SRAM_OC2 = 0x202c0000 + 0x80000 ; /* 512K bytes */  
  __top_RAM6 = 0x202c0000 + 0x80000 ; /* 512K bytes */  
  __base_SRAM_OC_ECC1 = 0x20340000  ; /* SRAM_OC_ECC1 */  
  __base_RAM7 = 0x20340000 ; /* RAM7 */  
  __top_SRAM_OC_ECC1 = 0x20340000 + 0x10000 ; /* 64K bytes */  
  __top_RAM7 = 0x20340000 + 0x10000 ; /* 64K bytes */  
  __base_SRAM_OC_ECC2 = 0x20350000  ; /* SRAM_OC_ECC2 */  
  __base_RAM8 = 0x20350000 ; /* RAM8 */  
  __top_SRAM_OC_ECC2 = 0x20350000 + 0x10000 ; /* 64K bytes */  
  __top_RAM8 = 0x20350000 + 0x10000 ; /* 64K bytes */

根据文件名和文件内容可分析猜测得:该文件是一个RT1176的内存定义文件和各段内存的别名。

3、ENTRY(ResetISR)

熟悉gnu link script语法的就知道了这句话的意思是程序的入口地址是 ResetISR。即芯片上电后BootRom做完初始化工作后的跳转地址。这里我们暂时记住就行,稍后分析完链接脚本就从这个地址开始分析代码。

4、链接脚本的SECTIONS

SECTIONS
{
     /* MAIN TEXT SECTION */
    .text : ALIGN(4)
    {
        FILL(0xff)
        __vectors_start__ = ABSOLUTE(.) ;
        KEEP(*(.isr_vector))
        /* Global Section Table */
        . = ALIGN(4) ;
        __section_table_start = .;
        __data_section_table = .;
        LONG(LOADADDR(.data));
        LONG(    ADDR(.data));
        LONG(  SIZEOF(.data));
        LONG(LOADADDR(.data_RAM2));
        LONG(    ADDR(.data_RAM2));
        LONG(  SIZEOF(.data_RAM2));
        LONG(LOADADDR(.data_RAM3));
        LONG(    ADDR(.data_RAM3));
        LONG(  SIZEOF(.data_RAM3));
        LONG(LOADADDR(.data_RAM4));
        LONG(    ADDR(.data_RAM4));
        LONG(  SIZEOF(.data_RAM4));
        LONG(LOADADDR(.data_RAM5));
        LONG(    ADDR(.data_RAM5));
        LONG(  SIZEOF(.data_RAM5));
        LONG(LOADADDR(.data_RAM6));
        LONG(    ADDR(.data_RAM6));
        LONG(  SIZEOF(.data_RAM6));
        LONG(LOADADDR(.data_RAM7));
        LONG(    ADDR(.data_RAM7));
        LONG(  SIZEOF(.data_RAM7));
        LONG(LOADADDR(.data_RAM8));
        LONG(    ADDR(.data_RAM8));
        LONG(  SIZEOF(.data_RAM8));
        __data_section_table_end = .;
        __bss_section_table = .;
        LONG(    ADDR(.bss));
        LONG(  SIZEOF(.bss));
        LONG(    ADDR(.bss_RAM2));
        LONG(  SIZEOF(.bss_RAM2));
        LONG(    ADDR(.bss_RAM3));
        LONG(  SIZEOF(.bss_RAM3));
        LONG(    ADDR(.bss_RAM4));
        LONG(  SIZEOF(.bss_RAM4));
        LONG(    ADDR(.bss_RAM5));
        LONG(  SIZEOF(.bss_RAM5));
        LONG(    ADDR(.bss_RAM6));
        LONG(  SIZEOF(.bss_RAM6));
        LONG(    ADDR(.bss_RAM7));
        LONG(  SIZEOF(.bss_RAM7));
        LONG(    ADDR(.bss_RAM8));
        LONG(  SIZEOF(.bss_RAM8));
        __bss_section_table_end = .;
        __section_table_end = . ;
        /* End of Global Section Table */

        *(.after_vectors*)

       *(.text*)
       *(.rodata .rodata.* .constdata .constdata.*)
       . = ALIGN(4);
    } > BOARD_SDRAM
    /*
     * for exception handling/unwind - some Newlib functions (in common
     * with C++ and STDC++) use this.
     */
    .ARM.extab : ALIGN(4)
    {
        *(.ARM.extab* .gnu.linkonce.armextab.*)
    } > BOARD_SDRAM

    .ARM.exidx : ALIGN(4)
    {
        __exidx_start = .;
        *(.ARM.exidx* .gnu.linkonce.armexidx.*)
        __exidx_end = .;
    } > BOARD_SDRAM
 
    _etext = .;
        
    /* DATA section for NCACHE_REGION */

    .data_RAM2 : ALIGN(4)
    {
        FILL(0xff)
        PROVIDE(__start_data_RAM2 = .) ;
        PROVIDE(__start_data_NCACHE_REGION = .) ;
        *(.ramfunc.$RAM2)
        *(.ramfunc.$NCACHE_REGION)
       *(NonCacheable.init)
        *(.data.$RAM2)
        *(.data.$NCACHE_REGION)
        *(.data.$RAM2.*)
        *(.data.$NCACHE_REGION.*)
        . = ALIGN(4) ;
        PROVIDE(__end_data_RAM2 = .) ;
        PROVIDE(__end_data_NCACHE_REGION = .) ;
     } > NCACHE_REGION AT>BOARD_SDRAM

    /* DATA section for SRAM_DTC_cm7 */

    .data_RAM3 : ALIGN(4)
    {
        FILL(0xff)
        PROVIDE(__start_data_RAM3 = .) ;
        PROVIDE(__start_data_SRAM_DTC_cm7 = .) ;
        *(.ramfunc.$RAM3)
        *(.ramfunc.$SRAM_DTC_cm7)
        *(.data.$RAM3)
        *(.data.$SRAM_DTC_cm7)
        *(.data.$RAM3.*)
        *(.data.$SRAM_DTC_cm7.*)
        . = ALIGN(4) ;
        PROVIDE(__end_data_RAM3 = .) ;
        PROVIDE(__end_data_SRAM_DTC_cm7 = .) ;
     } > SRAM_DTC_cm7 AT>BOARD_SDRAM

    /* DATA section for SRAM_ITC_cm7 */

    .data_RAM4 : ALIGN(4)
    {
        FILL(0xff)
        PROVIDE(__start_data_RAM4 = .) ;
        PROVIDE(__start_data_SRAM_ITC_cm7 = .) ;
        *(.ramfunc.$RAM4)
        *(.ramfunc.$SRAM_ITC_cm7)
       KEEP(*(CodeQuickAccess))
        *(.data.$RAM4)
        *(.data.$SRAM_ITC_cm7)
        *(.data.$RAM4.*)
        *(.data.$SRAM_ITC_cm7.*)
        . = ALIGN(4) ;
        PROVIDE(__end_data_RAM4 = .) ;
        PROVIDE(__end_data_SRAM_ITC_cm7 = .) ;
     } > SRAM_ITC_cm7 AT>BOARD_SDRAM

    /* DATA section for SRAM_OC1 */

    .data_RAM5 : ALIGN(4)
    {
        FILL(0xff)
        PROVIDE(__start_data_RAM5 = .) ;
        PROVIDE(__start_data_SRAM_OC1 = .) ;
        *(.ramfunc.$RAM5)
        *(.ramfunc.$SRAM_OC1)
        *(.data.$RAM5)
        *(.data.$SRAM_OC1)
        *(.data.$RAM5.*)
        *(.data.$SRAM_OC1.*)
        . = ALIGN(4) ;
        PROVIDE(__end_data_RAM5 = .) ;
        PROVIDE(__end_data_SRAM_OC1 = .) ;
     } > SRAM_OC1 AT>BOARD_SDRAM

    /* DATA section for SRAM_OC2 */

    .data_RAM6 : ALIGN(4)
    {
        FILL(0xff)
        PROVIDE(__start_data_RAM6 = .) ;
        PROVIDE(__start_data_SRAM_OC2 = .) ;
        *(.ramfunc.$RAM6)
        *(.ramfunc.$SRAM_OC2)
        *(.data.$RAM6)
        *(.data.$SRAM_OC2)
        *(.data.$RAM6.*)
        *(.data.$SRAM_OC2.*)
        . = ALIGN(4) ;
        PROVIDE(__end_data_RAM6 = .) ;
        PROVIDE(__end_data_SRAM_OC2 = .) ;
     } > SRAM_OC2 AT>BOARD_SDRAM

    /* DATA section for SRAM_OC_ECC1 */

    .data_RAM7 : ALIGN(4)
    {
        FILL(0xff)
        PROVIDE(__start_data_RAM7 = .) ;
        PROVIDE(__start_data_SRAM_OC_ECC1 = .) ;
        *(.ramfunc.$RAM7)
        *(.ramfunc.$SRAM_OC_ECC1)
        *(.data.$RAM7)
        *(.data.$SRAM_OC_ECC1)
        *(.data.$RAM7.*)
        *(.data.$SRAM_OC_ECC1.*)
        . = ALIGN(4) ;
        PROVIDE(__end_data_RAM7 = .) ;
        PROVIDE(__end_data_SRAM_OC_ECC1 = .) ;
     } > SRAM_OC_ECC1 AT>BOARD_SDRAM

    /* DATA section for SRAM_OC_ECC2 */

    .data_RAM8 : ALIGN(4)
    {
        FILL(0xff)
        PROVIDE(__start_data_RAM8 = .) ;
        PROVIDE(__start_data_SRAM_OC_ECC2 = .) ;
        *(.ramfunc.$RAM8)
        *(.ramfunc.$SRAM_OC_ECC2)
        *(.data.$RAM8)
        *(.data.$SRAM_OC_ECC2)
        *(.data.$RAM8.*)
        *(.data.$SRAM_OC_ECC2.*)
        . = ALIGN(4) ;
        PROVIDE(__end_data_RAM8 = .) ;
        PROVIDE(__end_data_SRAM_OC_ECC2 = .) ;
     } > SRAM_OC_ECC2 AT>BOARD_SDRAM

    /* MAIN DATA SECTION */
    .uninit_RESERVED (NOLOAD) : ALIGN(4)
    {
        _start_uninit_RESERVED = .;
        KEEP(*(.bss.$RESERVED*))
       . = ALIGN(4) ;
        _end_uninit_RESERVED = .;
    } > BOARD_SDRAM AT> BOARD_SDRAM

    /* Main DATA section (BOARD_SDRAM) */
    .data : ALIGN(4)
    {
       FILL(0xff)
       _data = . ;
       PROVIDE(__start_data_RAM = .) ;
       PROVIDE(__start_data_BOARD_SDRAM = .) ;
       *(vtable)
       *(.ramfunc*)
       KEEP(*(CodeQuickAccess))
       KEEP(*(DataQuickAccess))
       *(RamFunction)
       *(.data*)
       . = ALIGN(4) ;
       _edata = . ;
       PROVIDE(__end_data_RAM = .) ;
       PROVIDE(__end_data_BOARD_SDRAM = .) ;
    } > BOARD_SDRAM AT>BOARD_SDRAM

    /* BSS section for NCACHE_REGION */
    .bss_RAM2 : ALIGN(4)
    {
       PROVIDE(__start_bss_RAM2 = .) ;
       PROVIDE(__start_bss_NCACHE_REGION = .) ;
       *(NonCacheable)
       *(.bss.$RAM2)
       *(.bss.$NCACHE_REGION)
       *(.bss.$RAM2.*)
       *(.bss.$NCACHE_REGION.*)
       . = ALIGN (. != 0 ? 4 : 1) ; /* avoid empty segment */
       PROVIDE(__end_bss_RAM2 = .) ;
       PROVIDE(__end_bss_NCACHE_REGION = .) ;
    } > NCACHE_REGION AT> NCACHE_REGION

    /* BSS section for SRAM_DTC_cm7 */
    .bss_RAM3 : ALIGN(4)
    {
       PROVIDE(__start_bss_RAM3 = .) ;
       PROVIDE(__start_bss_SRAM_DTC_cm7 = .) ;
       *(.bss.$RAM3)
       *(.bss.$SRAM_DTC_cm7)
       *(.bss.$RAM3.*)
       *(.bss.$SRAM_DTC_cm7.*)
       . = ALIGN (. != 0 ? 4 : 1) ; /* avoid empty segment */
       PROVIDE(__end_bss_RAM3 = .) ;
       PROVIDE(__end_bss_SRAM_DTC_cm7 = .) ;
    } > SRAM_DTC_cm7 AT> SRAM_DTC_cm7

    /* BSS section for SRAM_ITC_cm7 */
    .bss_RAM4 : ALIGN(4)
    {
       PROVIDE(__start_bss_RAM4 = .) ;
       PROVIDE(__start_bss_SRAM_ITC_cm7 = .) ;
       *(.bss.$RAM4)
       *(.bss.$SRAM_ITC_cm7)
       *(.bss.$RAM4.*)
       *(.bss.$SRAM_ITC_cm7.*)
       . = ALIGN (. != 0 ? 4 : 1) ; /* avoid empty segment */
       PROVIDE(__end_bss_RAM4 = .) ;
       PROVIDE(__end_bss_SRAM_ITC_cm7 = .) ;
    } > SRAM_ITC_cm7 AT> SRAM_ITC_cm7

    /* BSS section for SRAM_OC1 */
    .bss_RAM5 : ALIGN(4)
    {
       PROVIDE(__start_bss_RAM5 = .) ;
       PROVIDE(__start_bss_SRAM_OC1 = .) ;
       *(.bss.$RAM5)
       *(.bss.$SRAM_OC1)
       *(.bss.$RAM5.*)
       *(.bss.$SRAM_OC1.*)
       . = ALIGN (. != 0 ? 4 : 1) ; /* avoid empty segment */
       PROVIDE(__end_bss_RAM5 = .) ;
       PROVIDE(__end_bss_SRAM_OC1 = .) ;
    } > SRAM_OC1 AT> SRAM_OC1

    /* BSS section for SRAM_OC2 */
    .bss_RAM6 : ALIGN(4)
    {
       PROVIDE(__start_bss_RAM6 = .) ;
       PROVIDE(__start_bss_SRAM_OC2 = .) ;
       *(.bss.$RAM6)
       *(.bss.$SRAM_OC2)
       *(.bss.$RAM6.*)
       *(.bss.$SRAM_OC2.*)
       . = ALIGN (. != 0 ? 4 : 1) ; /* avoid empty segment */
       PROVIDE(__end_bss_RAM6 = .) ;
       PROVIDE(__end_bss_SRAM_OC2 = .) ;
    } > SRAM_OC2 AT> SRAM_OC2

    /* BSS section for SRAM_OC_ECC1 */
    .bss_RAM7 : ALIGN(4)
    {
       PROVIDE(__start_bss_RAM7 = .) ;
       PROVIDE(__start_bss_SRAM_OC_ECC1 = .) ;
       *(.bss.$RAM7)
       *(.bss.$SRAM_OC_ECC1)
       *(.bss.$RAM7.*)
       *(.bss.$SRAM_OC_ECC1.*)
       . = ALIGN (. != 0 ? 4 : 1) ; /* avoid empty segment */
       PROVIDE(__end_bss_RAM7 = .) ;
       PROVIDE(__end_bss_SRAM_OC_ECC1 = .) ;
    } > SRAM_OC_ECC1 AT> SRAM_OC_ECC1

    /* BSS section for SRAM_OC_ECC2 */
    .bss_RAM8 : ALIGN(4)
    {
       PROVIDE(__start_bss_RAM8 = .) ;
       PROVIDE(__start_bss_SRAM_OC_ECC2 = .) ;
       *(.bss.$RAM8)
       *(.bss.$SRAM_OC_ECC2)
       *(.bss.$RAM8.*)
       *(.bss.$SRAM_OC_ECC2.*)
       . = ALIGN (. != 0 ? 4 : 1) ; /* avoid empty segment */
       PROVIDE(__end_bss_RAM8 = .) ;
       PROVIDE(__end_bss_SRAM_OC_ECC2 = .) ;
    } > SRAM_OC_ECC2 AT> SRAM_OC_ECC2

    /* MAIN BSS SECTION */
    .bss : ALIGN(4)
    {
        _bss = .;
        PROVIDE(__start_bss_RAM = .) ;
        PROVIDE(__start_bss_BOARD_SDRAM = .) ;
        *(.bss*)
        *(COMMON)
        . = ALIGN(4) ;
        _ebss = .;
        PROVIDE(__end_bss_RAM = .) ;
        PROVIDE(__end_bss_BOARD_SDRAM = .) ;
        PROVIDE(end = .);
    } > BOARD_SDRAM AT> BOARD_SDRAM

    /* NOINIT section for NCACHE_REGION */
    .noinit_RAM2 (NOLOAD) : ALIGN(4)
    {
       PROVIDE(__start_noinit_RAM2 = .) ;
       PROVIDE(__start_noinit_NCACHE_REGION = .) ;
       *(.noinit.$RAM2)
       *(.noinit.$NCACHE_REGION)
       *(.noinit.$RAM2.*)
       *(.noinit.$NCACHE_REGION.*)
       . = ALIGN(4) ;
       PROVIDE(__end_noinit_RAM2 = .) ;
       PROVIDE(__end_noinit_NCACHE_REGION = .) ;
    } > NCACHE_REGION AT> NCACHE_REGION

    /* NOINIT section for SRAM_DTC_cm7 */
    .noinit_RAM3 (NOLOAD) : ALIGN(4)
    {
       PROVIDE(__start_noinit_RAM3 = .) ;
       PROVIDE(__start_noinit_SRAM_DTC_cm7 = .) ;
       *(.noinit.$RAM3)
       *(.noinit.$SRAM_DTC_cm7)
       *(.noinit.$RAM3.*)
       *(.noinit.$SRAM_DTC_cm7.*)
       . = ALIGN(4) ;
       PROVIDE(__end_noinit_RAM3 = .) ;
       PROVIDE(__end_noinit_SRAM_DTC_cm7 = .) ;
    } > SRAM_DTC_cm7 AT> SRAM_DTC_cm7

    /* NOINIT section for SRAM_ITC_cm7 */
    .noinit_RAM4 (NOLOAD) : ALIGN(4)
    {
       PROVIDE(__start_noinit_RAM4 = .) ;
       PROVIDE(__start_noinit_SRAM_ITC_cm7 = .) ;
       *(.noinit.$RAM4)
       *(.noinit.$SRAM_ITC_cm7)
       *(.noinit.$RAM4.*)
       *(.noinit.$SRAM_ITC_cm7.*)
       . = ALIGN(4) ;
       PROVIDE(__end_noinit_RAM4 = .) ;
       PROVIDE(__end_noinit_SRAM_ITC_cm7 = .) ;
    } > SRAM_ITC_cm7 AT> SRAM_ITC_cm7

    /* NOINIT section for SRAM_OC1 */
    .noinit_RAM5 (NOLOAD) : ALIGN(4)
    {
       PROVIDE(__start_noinit_RAM5 = .) ;
       PROVIDE(__start_noinit_SRAM_OC1 = .) ;
       *(.noinit.$RAM5)
       *(.noinit.$SRAM_OC1)
       *(.noinit.$RAM5.*)
       *(.noinit.$SRAM_OC1.*)
       . = ALIGN(4) ;
       PROVIDE(__end_noinit_RAM5 = .) ;
       PROVIDE(__end_noinit_SRAM_OC1 = .) ;
    } > SRAM_OC1 AT> SRAM_OC1

    /* NOINIT section for SRAM_OC2 */
    .noinit_RAM6 (NOLOAD) : ALIGN(4)
    {
       PROVIDE(__start_noinit_RAM6 = .) ;
       PROVIDE(__start_noinit_SRAM_OC2 = .) ;
       *(.noinit.$RAM6)
       *(.noinit.$SRAM_OC2)
       *(.noinit.$RAM6.*)
       *(.noinit.$SRAM_OC2.*)
       . = ALIGN(4) ;
       PROVIDE(__end_noinit_RAM6 = .) ;
       PROVIDE(__end_noinit_SRAM_OC2 = .) ;
    } > SRAM_OC2 AT> SRAM_OC2

    /* NOINIT section for SRAM_OC_ECC1 */
    .noinit_RAM7 (NOLOAD) : ALIGN(4)
    {
       PROVIDE(__start_noinit_RAM7 = .) ;
       PROVIDE(__start_noinit_SRAM_OC_ECC1 = .) ;
       *(.noinit.$RAM7)
       *(.noinit.$SRAM_OC_ECC1)
       *(.noinit.$RAM7.*)
       *(.noinit.$SRAM_OC_ECC1.*)
       . = ALIGN(4) ;
       PROVIDE(__end_noinit_RAM7 = .) ;
       PROVIDE(__end_noinit_SRAM_OC_ECC1 = .) ;
    } > SRAM_OC_ECC1 AT> SRAM_OC_ECC1

    /* NOINIT section for SRAM_OC_ECC2 */
    .noinit_RAM8 (NOLOAD) : ALIGN(4)
    {
       PROVIDE(__start_noinit_RAM8 = .) ;
       PROVIDE(__start_noinit_SRAM_OC_ECC2 = .) ;
       *(.noinit.$RAM8)
       *(.noinit.$SRAM_OC_ECC2)
       *(.noinit.$RAM8.*)
       *(.noinit.$SRAM_OC_ECC2.*)
       . = ALIGN(4) ;
       PROVIDE(__end_noinit_RAM8 = .) ;
       PROVIDE(__end_noinit_SRAM_OC_ECC2 = .) ;
    } > SRAM_OC_ECC2 AT> SRAM_OC_ECC2

    /* DEFAULT NOINIT SECTION */
    .noinit (NOLOAD): ALIGN(4)
    {
        _noinit = .;
        PROVIDE(__start_noinit_RAM = .) ;
        PROVIDE(__start_noinit_BOARD_SDRAM = .) ;
        *(.noinit*)
         . = ALIGN(4) ;
        _end_noinit = .;
       PROVIDE(__end_noinit_RAM = .) ;
       PROVIDE(__end_noinit_BOARD_SDRAM = .) ;        
    } > BOARD_SDRAM AT> BOARD_SDRAM

    /* Reserve and place Heap within memory map */
    _HeapSize = 0x1000;
    .heap :  ALIGN(4)
    {
        _pvHeapStart = .;
        . += _HeapSize;
        . = ALIGN(4);
        _pvHeapLimit = .;
    } > BOARD_SDRAM

     _StackSize = 0x1000;
     /* Reserve space in memory for Stack */
    .heap2stackfill  :
    {
        . += _StackSize;
    } > BOARD_SDRAM
    /* Locate actual Stack in memory map */
    .stack ORIGIN(BOARD_SDRAM) + LENGTH(BOARD_SDRAM) - _StackSize - 0:  ALIGN(4)
    {
        _vStackBase = .;
        . = ALIGN(4);
        _vStackTop = . + _StackSize;
    } > BOARD_SDRAM

    /* Provide basic symbols giving location and size of main text
     * block, including initial values of RW data sections. Note that
     * these will need extending to give a complete picture with
     * complex images (e.g multiple Flash banks).
     */
    _image_start = LOADADDR(.text);
    _image_end = LOADADDR(.data) + SIZEOF(.data);
    _image_size = _image_end - _image_start;
    /* Provide symbols for MIMXRT1170 parts for boot header generation code
     * to set image to be plain load image or XIP.
     * Config : Plain load image = false
     */
    _boot_loadaddr = ORIGIN(BOARD_SDRAM);
    _boot_size = LENGTH(BOARD_SDRAM);
}

这一段内容较多,不过很多都是相似的内容,熟悉C程序的内存分布结构的就看着比较容易了。这里我们做分段学习:

(1)、SECTIONS – 1
.text : ALIGN(4)
    {
        FILL(0xff)
        __vectors_start__ = ABSOLUTE(.) ;
        KEEP(*(.isr_vector))
        /* Global Section Table */
        . = ALIGN(4) ;
        __section_table_start = .;
        __data_section_table = .;
        LONG(LOADADDR(.data));
        LONG(    ADDR(.data));
        LONG(  SIZEOF(.data));
        LONG(LOADADDR(.data_RAM2));
        LONG(    ADDR(.data_RAM2));
        LONG(  SIZEOF(.data_RAM2));
  		......
        LONG(LOADADDR(.data_RAM8));
        LONG(    ADDR(.data_RAM8));
        LONG(  SIZEOF(.data_RAM8));
        __data_section_table_end = .;
        __bss_section_table = .;
        LONG(    ADDR(.bss));
        LONG(  SIZEOF(.bss));
        LONG(    ADDR(.bss_RAM2));
        LONG(  SIZEOF(.bss_RAM2));
		......
        LONG(    ADDR(.bss_RAM8));
        LONG(  SIZEOF(.bss_RAM8));
        __bss_section_table_end = .;
        __section_table_end = . ;
        /* End of Global Section Table */
        
        *(.after_vectors*)
       
       *(.text*)
       *(.rodata .rodata.* .constdata .constdata.*)
       . = ALIGN(4);
    } > BOARD_SDRAM

这一段是我们生成的bin文件的内容布局:C语言中的 text 段,代码段。
ALIGN(4) : 四字节对齐。(为什么是四字节对齐,个人猜测跟CPU字长相关。)
FILL(0xff) :填充,即没有用到的空间填充0xff。(在上面脚本中暂时不做用。)
__vectors_start__ = ABSOLUTE(.) ; :定义地址 vectors_start 类似C语言的指针。(根据上面脚本分析,即bin文件的开头即使__vectors_start__
KEEP(*(.isr_vector)) : 把.isr_vector段放在这里。(KEEP的意思告诉编译器不要做垃圾回收)
__section_table_start = .;__data_section_table = .; :定义两个"指针",指向同一个地方,段表的开始,数据段的开始。
LONG(LOADADDR(.data)); :定义一个变量,.data的load地址,即从哪里取。
LONG( ADDR(.data)); :定义一个变量,.data的目标地址,即放到哪里。
LONG( SIZEOF(.data));:定义一个变量,.data的大小。
后面都是3个一组类似的。(针对不同的内存段的data段)
__data_section_table_end = .; __bss_section_table = .;: 定义两个"指针",指向同一个地方,数据段的结束,bss段的开始。
后面都是2个一组类似的。(针对不同的内存段的bss段)
__bss_section_table_end = .; __section_table_end = . ;: 定义两个"指针",指向同一个地方,bss段的结束,段表的结束。
这一段的含义是做分散加载的,应为RT1176的不同内存地址的速度是不一样的,DTCM和ITCM速度最快跟CPU一致,所以如果有需要可以把相应的代码放到这段内存运行,OCRAM 速度比TCM慢,CPU执行这里的代码需要等待, SDRAM的速度比OCRAM慢。
*(.after_vectors*) :把.after_vectors放置到这里。
*(.text*) :把.text放置到这里。
(*.rodata .rodata.* .constdata .constdata.*) :把*.rodata .rodata.* .constdata .constdata.*放置到这里。
> BOARD_SDRAM :把.text的内容(代码段)输出到BOARD_SDRAM内。

(2)SECTIONS – 2
    /*
     * for exception handling/unwind - some Newlib functions (in common
     * with C++ and STDC++) use this.
     */
    .ARM.extab : ALIGN(4)
    {
        *(.ARM.extab* .gnu.linkonce.armextab.*)
    } > BOARD_SDRAM

    .ARM.exidx : ALIGN(4)
    {
        __exidx_start = .;
        *(.ARM.exidx* .gnu.linkonce.armexidx.*)
        __exidx_end = .;
    } > BOARD_SDRAM

    _etext = .;

.ARM.extab .ARM.exidx _etext :看注释是 Newlib库中C++的某些函数异常会用到。(这里不过多关注)

(3)SECTIONS – 3
.data_RAM2 : ALIGN(4)
    {
        FILL(0xff)
        PROVIDE(__start_data_RAM2 = .) ;
        PROVIDE(__start_data_NCACHE_REGION = .) ;
        *(.ramfunc.$RAM2)
        *(.ramfunc.$NCACHE_REGION)
       *(NonCacheable.init)
        *(.data.$RAM2)
        *(.data.$NCACHE_REGION)
        *(.data.$RAM2.*)
        *(.data.$NCACHE_REGION.*)
        . = ALIGN(4) ;
        PROVIDE(__end_data_RAM2 = .) ;
        PROVIDE(__end_data_NCACHE_REGION = .) ;
     } > NCACHE_REGION AT>BOARD_SDRAM
     ......
    /* MAIN DATA SECTION */
    .uninit_RESERVED (NOLOAD) : ALIGN(4)
    {
        _start_uninit_RESERVED = .;
        KEEP(*(.bss.$RESERVED*))
       . = ALIGN(4) ;
        _end_uninit_RESERVED = .;
    } > BOARD_SDRAM AT> BOARD_SDRAM

    /* Main DATA section (BOARD_SDRAM) */
    .data : ALIGN(4)
    {
       FILL(0xff)
       _data = . ;
       PROVIDE(__start_data_RAM = .) ;
       PROVIDE(__start_data_BOARD_SDRAM = .) ;
       *(vtable)
       *(.ramfunc*)
       KEEP(*(CodeQuickAccess))
       KEEP(*(DataQuickAccess))
       *(RamFunction)
       *(.data*)
       . = ALIGN(4) ;
       _edata = . ;
       PROVIDE(__end_data_RAM = .) ;
       PROVIDE(__end_data_BOARD_SDRAM = .) ;
    } > BOARD_SDRAM AT>BOARD_SDRAM

上面的脚本内容定义了不同内存地址的 data 段(部分内容省略)。

   .bss_RAM2 : ALIGN(4)
    {
       PROVIDE(__start_bss_RAM2 = .) ;
       PROVIDE(__start_bss_NCACHE_REGION = .) ;
       *(NonCacheable)
       *(.bss.$RAM2)
       *(.bss.$NCACHE_REGION)
       *(.bss.$RAM2.*)
       *(.bss.$NCACHE_REGION.*)
       . = ALIGN (. != 0 ? 4 : 1) ; /* avoid empty segment */
       PROVIDE(__end_bss_RAM2 = .) ;
       PROVIDE(__end_bss_NCACHE_REGION = .) ;
    } > NCACHE_REGION AT> NCACHE_REGION
  ......
    /* MAIN BSS SECTION */
    .bss : ALIGN(4)
    {
        _bss = .;
        PROVIDE(__start_bss_RAM = .) ;
        PROVIDE(__start_bss_BOARD_SDRAM = .) ;
        *(.bss*)
        *(COMMON)
        . = ALIGN(4) ;
        _ebss = .;
        PROVIDE(__end_bss_RAM = .) ;
        PROVIDE(__end_bss_BOARD_SDRAM = .) ;
        PROVIDE(end = .);
    } > BOARD_SDRAM AT> BOARD_SDRAM

上面的脚本内容定义了不同内存地址的 bss 段(部分内容省略)。

/* NOINIT section for NCACHE_REGION */
    .noinit_RAM2 (NOLOAD) : ALIGN(4)
    {
       PROVIDE(__start_noinit_RAM2 = .) ;
       PROVIDE(__start_noinit_NCACHE_REGION = .) ;
       *(.noinit.$RAM2)
       *(.noinit.$NCACHE_REGION)
       *(.noinit.$RAM2.*)
       *(.noinit.$NCACHE_REGION.*)
       . = ALIGN(4) ;
       PROVIDE(__end_noinit_RAM2 = .) ;
       PROVIDE(__end_noinit_NCACHE_REGION = .) ;
    } > NCACHE_REGION AT> NCACHE_REGION
	......
    /* DEFAULT NOINIT SECTION */
    .noinit (NOLOAD): ALIGN(4)
    {
        _noinit = .;
        PROVIDE(__start_noinit_RAM = .) ;
        PROVIDE(__start_noinit_BOARD_SDRAM = .) ;
        *(.noinit*)
         . = ALIGN(4) ;
        _end_noinit = .;
       PROVIDE(__end_noinit_RAM = .) ;
       PROVIDE(__end_noinit_BOARD_SDRAM = .) ;        
    } > BOARD_SDRAM AT> BOARD_SDRAM

上面的脚本内容定义了不同内存地址的 noinit 段,暂时没用到(部分内容省略)。

(4)SECTIONS – 4
/* Reserve and place Heap within memory map */
    _HeapSize = 0x1000;
    .heap :  ALIGN(4)
    {
        _pvHeapStart = .;
        . += _HeapSize;
        . = ALIGN(4);
        _pvHeapLimit = .;
    } > BOARD_SDRAM

     _StackSize = 0x1000;
     /* Reserve space in memory for Stack */
    .heap2stackfill  :
    {
        . += _StackSize;
    } > BOARD_SDRAM
    /* Locate actual Stack in memory map */
    .stack ORIGIN(BOARD_SDRAM) + LENGTH(BOARD_SDRAM) - _StackSize - 0:  ALIGN(4)
    {
        _vStackBase = .;
        . = ALIGN(4);
        _vStackTop = . + _StackSize;
    } > BOARD_SDRAM

    /* Provide basic symbols giving location and size of main text
     * block, including initial values of RW data sections. Note that
     * these will need extending to give a complete picture with
     * complex images (e.g multiple Flash banks).
     */
    _image_start = LOADADDR(.text);
    _image_end = LOADADDR(.data) + SIZEOF(.data);
    _image_size = _image_end - _image_start;
    /* Provide symbols for MIMXRT1170 parts for boot header generation code
     * to set image to be plain load image or XIP.
     * Config : Plain load image = false
     */
    _boot_loadaddr = ORIGIN(BOARD_SDRAM);
    _boot_size = LENGTH(BOARD_SDRAM);

_HeapSize:堆的大小。
_pvHeapStart :堆的基地址。
_pvHeapLimit :堆的顶部。
_StackSize :栈的大小。
_vStackBase:栈的底部。
_vStackTop :栈的顶部。

_image_start:镜像起始地址,即代码段的起始地址。
_image_end :镜像的终点地址,即mian data段的终点地址。
_image_size :镜像的大小。

_boot_loadaddr :bin文件加载到内存的起始地址。
_boot_size :bin文件的大小,这里是自动生成的(有些问题,如果没有IVT __boot_size应该是_image_size, 如果有IVT __boot_size应该是 _image_size+ IVT的大小,而不应该是整块内存的大小)。
.stack ORIGIN(BOARD_SDRAM) + LENGTH(BOARD_SDRAM) - _StackSize - 0: ALIGN(4) :gnu link 的section 语法,定义了栈的空间和栈的起始地址,即BOARD_SDRAM的基地址 + BOARD_SDRAM的长度 - 栈的大小。
简单分析到这里,这里的链接脚本是IDE自动生成的,它有一套自己的生成规则,也可以部分自定义,后面慢慢叙述。gnu link script语法可参考 https://sourceware.org/binutils/docs/ld/

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