使用halcon实现3维点云物体与模型的匹配并显示差异

一、读取3D模型文件，并采样生成对应的模板文件

在这里插入代码片
dev_get_window (WindowHandle)
*读取3D模型
read_object_model_3d('C:/Users/VIBOT/Desktop/img_tmp/3d缺陷检测/A319空中客机_A319空中客机1.stl', 'mm', 'convert_to_triangles', 'true', ObjectModel3D, Status)
Title := 'Reference object (uncalibrated measurement)'
Instructions[0] := 'Rotate: Left button'
Instructions[1] := 'Zoom:   Shift + left button'
Instructions[2] := 'Move:   Ctrl  + left button'
*显示3D模型
visualize_object_model_3d (WindowHandle, ObjectModel3D, [], [], [], [], Title, [], Instructions, PoseOut)

*计算三维对象模型的三维曲面法线
surface_normals_object_model_3d (ObjectModel3D, 'mls', 'mls_force_inwards', 'true', ObjectModel3DNormals)
*3D模型的最大直径
max_diameter_object_model_3d (ObjectModel3DNormals, Diameter)
*对3D模型采样
sample_object_model_3d (ObjectModel3DNormals, 'fast', Diameter * 0.005, [], [], Model3DSampled)
* visualize_object_model_3d (WindowHandle, Model3DSampled, [], [], [], [], Title, [], Instructions, PoseOut)
*创建基于表面匹配所需的数据结构。
create_surface_model (ObjectModel3DNormals, 0.03, 'model_invert_normals', 'true', SurfaceModelID)

二、一次读取3D的模型文件进行配准显示差异

for SceneIndex := 1 to NumScenes by 1
    read_object_model_3d('C:/Users/VIBOT/Desktop/img_tmp/3d缺陷检测/quexian_fly/tmp'+ SceneIndex$'01d'+'.STL', 'mm', 'convert_to_triangles', 'true', Scene3D, Status)
    rigid_trans_object_model_3d (Scene3D, Pose, ObjectModel3DRigidTrans)
    sample_object_model_3d (ObjectModel3DRigidTrans, 'fast', Diameter * 0.005, [], [], Model3DScene3D)
    find_surface_model (SurfaceModelID, Model3DScene3D, 0.02, 0.2, 0, 'false', [], [], Pose, Score, NotUsed)
    refine_surface_model_pose (SurfaceModelID, Model3DScene3D, Pose, 0, 'false', [], [], Pose, Score, SurfaceMatchingResultID)
    *反转姿势
    pose_invert (Pose, PosesInvert)
    *刚性变换
    rigid_trans_object_model_3d (Model3DScene3D, PosesInvert, ObjectModel3DRigidTrans)
    
    *visualize_object_model_3d (WindowHandle1, [ObjectModel3DRigidTrans,Model3DSampled], [], [], [], [], Title, [], Instructions, PoseOut)
    * Measure the distances between the scene and the model.测量场景和模型之间的距离。 
    *计算一个 3D 对象模型的点到另一个 3D 对象模型的距离 
    * 'signed_distances' 该参数可用于计算三维对象模型ObjectModel3DFrom中的点到三维对象模型ObjectModel3DTo中的点、三角形或原语的带符号距离。
    distance_object_model_3d (ObjectModel3DRigidTrans, Model3DSampled, [], 0.0, 'signed_distances', 'true')
    * Select points with a high distance below the model
    * (negative distance) and the points above the model
    * (positive distance).
    *.选择模型下方距离较大的点（负距离）和模型上方距离较大的点（正距离）。
    select_points_object_model_3d (ObjectModel3DRigidTrans, '&distance', -1000, -0.0003, ObjectModel3DThresholdedUp)
    select_points_object_model_3d (ObjectModel3DRigidTrans, '&distance', 0.0003, 1000, ObjectModel3DThresholdedDown)
    *visualize_object_model_3d (WindowHandle1,[ObjectModel3DThresholdedUp], [], [], [], [], Title, [], Instructions, PoseOut)
    * Calculate connected components of the points below
    * (negative distance) and the connected components of the
    * points above (positive distance) the model.
    * The distance threshold should be greater than the distance
    * between two scanlines (> ScaleY).
    *计算模型下方（负距离）点的连接组件和上方（正距离）点的连接组件。
   * 距离阈值应大于两条扫描线之间的距离（>ScaleY）。 
   *'distance_3d' : 测试 3D 点集的点坐标之间的欧氏距离。对于低于值值的任何距离，这些点被视为连接点。
   * 小于ScaleY + 5 阈值的作为连接点
    connection_object_model_3d (ObjectModel3DThresholdedUp, 'distance_3d', 0.01, ObjectModel3DConnectedUp)
    connection_object_model_3d (ObjectModel3DThresholdedDown, 'distance_3d', 0.01, ObjectModel3DConnectedDown)
    * Keep the large components, discard small ones as noise.保留大部件，丢弃小部件作为噪声。 
    select_object_model_3d (ObjectModel3DConnectedUp, 'num_points', 'and', 20, 1000000, ObjectModel3DSelectedUp)
    select_object_model_3d (ObjectModel3DConnectedDown, 'num_points', 'and', 20, 1000000, ObjectModel3DSelectedDown)
    * Set the visualization parameters and values depending on
    * the position of the error points.
    NumErrors := |ObjectModel3DSelectedDown| + |ObjectModel3DSelectedUp|
    Title := 'Found ' + NumErrors + ' error(s)'
    ErrorColorUp := 'blue'
    ErrorColorDown := 'red'
    ErrorColorNames := 'color_' + [2:NumErrors + 1]
    VisParamNames := ['point_size','point_size_1','color_0','color_1',ErrorColorNames,'alpha_' + NumErrors,'disp_background']
    VisParamValues := [5.0,2.0,'white','green',gen_tuple_const(|ObjectModel3DSelectedUp|,ErrorColorUp),gen_tuple_const(|ObjectModel3DSelectedDown|,ErrorColorDown),0.8,'true']
    * Display the errorneous regions.
    dev_clear_window ()
    *disp_message (WindowHandle, ['Bent up','Bent down'], 'window', 12, 500, [ErrorColorUp,ErrorColorDown], 'false')
    visualize_object_model_3d (WindowHandle1, [ObjectModel3DNormals,ObjectModel3DRigidTrans,ObjectModel3DSelectedUp,ObjectModel3DSelectedDown], [], [], VisParamNames, VisParamValues, Title, ['','','#' + [1:NumErrors]], Instructions, PoseOut1)

endfor

三、效果展示
蓝色为模型相对于3D模板多出的部分

红色为模型相对于3D模板缺少的部分