机器学习_吴恩达_What is machine learning

What is machine learning

1. Informal definition:the field of study that gives computers the ability to learn without being explicitly programmed.
2. Modern definition:A computer program is said to learn from experience E with respect to some class of tasks T and performance measure P, if its performance at tasks in T, as measured by P, improves with experience E.计算机从一种 task（T）中学习经验（E）来提升这种任务的准确率（P）
3. Example:Database mining,handwriting recognition,Natural Language Processing(NLP),
   Computer Vision.
4. Supervised learning and Unsupervised learning
5. Supervised learning

• 给定数据集（正确的输入输出）且已经知道输入输出之间有关系；有多种特征（输入）来决定结果（输出）(Given right answer for each example in the data)
• 监督学习分为两类问题：回归问题与回归问题
• 回归问题（通过连续函数预测具体的数值）：
• 分类问题（划线，结果值离散且少量）

6.Unsupervised learning

• 数据没有标记，无正确输出。We can derive this structure by clustering the data based on relationships among the variables in the data.
• 聚类算法（从一组数据根据不同的特征分成不同的组别，这些特征未知）
• 非聚类算法（ex. 从一组数据中找出具有a特征与b特征的数据）
• Application:Organize computer clusters，Social network analysis,
  Market segmentation,Astronomical data analysis