C# 基础学习笔记

转自：https://www.tutorialspoint.com/csharp/csharp_data_types.htm

Data Type

1.Value type
2.Reference type

• object type
  The Object Type is the ultimate base class for all data types in C# Common Type System (CTS). Object is an alias for System.Object class. The object types can be assigned values of any other types, value types, reference types, predefined or user-defined types. However, before assigning values, it needs type conversion.

When a value type is converted to object type, it is called boxing and on the other hand, when an object type is converted to a value type, it is called unboxing.

object obj;
obj = 100; // this is boxing

3.Dynamic Type
You can store any type of value in the dynamic data type variable. Type checking for these types of variables takes place at run-time.

Syntax for declaring a dynamic type is −

dynamic <variable_name> = value;

dynamic d = 20;

Dynamic types are similar to object types except that type checking for object type variables takes place at compile time, whereas that for the dynamic type variables takes place at run time.

Accepting Values from User

The Console class in the System namespace provides a function ReadLine() for accepting input from the user and store it into a variable.

int num;
num = Convert.ToInt32(Console.ReadLine());

The function Convert.ToInt32() converts the data entered by the user to int data type, because Console.ReadLine() accepts the data in string format.

Initializing an Array

 int []  n = new int[10]; /* n is an array of 10 integers */
 double[] balance = new double[10];

int [] marks = new int[5]  { 99,  98, 92, 97, 95};

int [] marks = new int[]  { 99,  98, 92, 97, 95};

Using the foreach Loop

using System;

namespace ArrayApplication {
   class MyArray {
      static void Main(string[] args) {
         int []  n = new int[10]; /* n is an array of 10 integers */
         
         /* initialize elements of array n */
         for ( int i = 0; i < 10; i++ ) {
            n[i] = i + 100;
         }
         
         /* output each array element's value */
         foreach (int j in n ) {
            int i = j-100;
            Console.WriteLine("Element[{0}] = {1}", i, j);
         }
         Console.ReadKey();
      }
   }
}