Python快速入门（十二）多线程

前言：主要介绍使用threading创建多线程、查看当前运行的线程、验证创建线程以及运行的时间、线程共享全局变量以及带来的资源争夺问题，使用互斥锁解决资源争夺问题。

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1.使用threading模块创建多线程

import time
import threading

def sing():
    for i in range(10):
        print("---正在唱---")
        time.sleep(1)

def dance():
    for i in range(5):
        print("---跳舞---")
        time.sleep(1)

def main():
    t1 = threading.Thread(target=sing)
    t2 = threading.Thread(target=dance)
    t1.start()
    t2.start()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

运行截图：

2.循环查看当前运行的线程

代码：

import threading
import time

def test1():
    for i in range(10):
        print("test1  %d" % i)
        time.sleep(1)

def test2():
    for i in range(10):
        print("test2  %d" % i)
        time.sleep(1)

def main():
    t1 = threading.Thread(target=test1)
    t2 = threading.Thread(target=test2)
    t1.start()
    t2.start()

    while True:
        print(threading.enumerate())
        if len(threading.enumerate())<=1:
            break
        time.sleep(1)
        
if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

运行截图：

3.验证创建线程以及运行的时间

代码：

import threading
import time


def test1():
    for i in range(5):
        print("test1  %d" % i)
        time.sleep(1)

def main():
    # 在调用Thread之前先打印当前线程信息
    print(threading.enumerate())
    t1 = threading.Thread(target=test1)
    # 在调用Thread之后打印
    print(threading.enumerate())
    t1.start()
    # 在调用start之后打印
    print(threading.enumerate())
    
if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

运行截图：

4.函数里面修改全局变量

代码：

num = 100
nums = [11, 22]

def test():
    global  num

    num += 100

def test2():
    nums.append(33)

print(nums)
print(num)

test()
test2()

print(nums)
print(num)

运行截图：

5.线程共享全局变量

代码：

import threading
import time

g_num = 100

def test1():
    global g_num
    g_num += 1
    print("test1 g_num %d" % g_num)

def test2():
    print("test2 g_num %d" % g_num)

def main():
    t1 = threading.Thread(target=test1)
    t2 = threading.Thread(target=test2)
    t1.start()
    time.sleep(1)
    t2.start()
    time.sleep(1)
    print("-----in main Thread g_num = %d---" % g_num)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

运行截图：

6.共享全局变量带来的问题-资源争夺

代码：

import threading
import time

g_num = 0

def test1(num):
    global g_num
    for i in range(num):
        g_num += 1

    print("test1 g_num%d" % g_num)

def test2(num):
    global g_num
    for i in range(num):
        g_num += 1
    print("test2 g_num%d" % g_num)

def main():
    t1 = threading.Thread(target=test1, args=(100000,))
    t2 = threading.Thread(target=test1, args=(200000,))
    t1.start()
    t2.start()
    time.sleep(5)
    print("-----in main Thread g_num = %d---" % g_num)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

运行截图：

7.使用互斥锁解决资源争夺问题

代码：

import threading
import time

g_num = 0
mutex = threading.Lock()

def test1(num):
    global g_num
    # 上锁 如果之前没有上锁，那么此时 上锁成功
    # 如果上锁之前 已经上锁了，那么此时会堵塞在这里，知道这个锁被解开位置
    mutex.acquire()
    for i in range(num):
        g_num += 1
    #解锁
    mutex.release()
    print("test1 g_num%d" % g_num)


def test2(num):
    global g_num
    mutex.acquire()
    for i in range(num):
        g_num += 1
    mutex.release()
    print("test2 g_num%d" % g_num)


def main():
    t1 = threading.Thread(target=test1, args=(100000,))
    t2 = threading.Thread(target=test1, args=(200000,))

    t1.start()
    t2.start()

    time.sleep(5)

    print("-----in main Thread g_num = %d---" % g_num)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

运行截图：

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结束！！！