《野火RT-Thread内核实现与应用开发实战》笔记10. 内存管理

1. 静态内存管理

1. 结构体

   struct rt_mempool
   {
       struct rt_object parent;   			/**< 继承自 ipc_object 类 */     	       
       void            *start_address;     /**< 内存池起始地址 */
       rt_size_t        size;              /**< 内存池的大小 */
       rt_size_t        block_size;        /**< 内存块的大小 */
       rt_uint8_t      *block_list;        /**< 内存块链表头 */
       rt_size_t        block_total_count; /**< 内存池中内存块的总数量 */
       rt_size_t        block_free_count;  /**< 内存池中空闲内存块的数量 */
       rt_list_t        suspend_thread;  	/**< 被挂起的线程列表 */
   };
   typedef struct rt_mempool *rt_mp_t;
   

2. 常用函数

   /**
    * This function will create a mempool object and allocate the memory pool from
    * heap.
    *
    * @param name the name of memory pool
    * @param block_count the count of blocks in memory pool
    * @param block_size the size for each block
    *
    * @return the created mempool object
    */
   rt_mp_t rt_mp_create(const char *name,
                        rt_size_t   block_count,
                        rt_size_t   block_size);
   
   /**
    * This function will allocate a block from memory pool
    *
    * @param mp the memory pool object
    * @param time the waiting time
    *
    * @return the allocated memory block or RT_NULL on allocated failed
    */
   void *rt_mp_alloc(rt_mp_t mp, rt_int32_t time);
   
   /**
    * This function will release a memory block
    *
    * @param block the address of memory block to be released
    */
   void rt_mp_free(void *block);
   
   /**
    * This function will delete a memory pool and release the object memory.
    *
    * @param mp the memory pool object
    *
    * @return RT_EOK
    */
   rt_err_t rt_mp_delete(rt_mp_t mp)
   

3. 静态内存池从被初始化到被分配一个内存块，再被分配一个内存块，然后被释放一个内存块，再被释放一个内存块，这一过程内存池结构体的成员是如何变化的呢？内存池池是如何被使用的呢？下图展示了这一过程各变量的变化情况：
   

2. 动态内存管理

1. 结构体、全局常用宏以及相关局部变量定义

   #define HEAP_MAGIC 0x1ea0
   struct heap_mem
   {
       rt_uint16_t magic;
       rt_uint16_t used;
       rt_size_t next, prev;
   };
   static rt_uint8_t *heap_ptr;
   static struct heap_mem *heap_end;	/* 指向堆末端数据头 */
   static struct heap_mem *lfree;   	/* 指向最低空闲数据块的指针 */
   

2. 常用函数

   /**
    * @ingroup SystemInit
    *
    * This function will initialize system heap memory.
    *
    * @param begin_addr the beginning address of system heap memory.
    * @param end_addr the end address of system heap memory.
    */
   void rt_system_heap_init(void *begin_addr, void *end_addr);
   
   /**
    * Allocate a block of memory with a minimum of 'size' bytes.
    *
    * @param size is the minimum size of the requested block in bytes.
    *
    * @return pointer to allocated memory or NULL if no free memory was found.
    */
   void *rt_malloc(rt_size_t size);
   
   /**
    * This function will release the previously allocated memory block by
    * rt_malloc. The released memory block is taken back to system heap.
    *
    * @param rmem the address of memory which will be released
    */
   void rt_free(void *rmem);
   

3. 从堆（HEAP）被初始化到被分配内存，再被释放内存，各相关变量以及堆空间的变化情况如下图所示：