STM32H7系列单片机串口DMA双区空闲中断接收方式（HAL库）

一、串口DMA接收配置

UART_HandleTypeDef huart1;
DMA_HandleTypeDef hdma_usart1_rx;
DMA_HandleTypeDef hdma_usart1_tx;
/* USART1 init function */

void MX_USART1_UART_Init(void)
{

  huart1.Instance = USART1;
  huart1.Init.BaudRate = 57600;
  huart1.Init.WordLength = UART_WORDLENGTH_8B;
  huart1.Init.StopBits = UART_STOPBITS_1;
  huart1.Init.Parity = UART_PARITY_NONE;
  huart1.Init.Mode = UART_MODE_TX_RX;
  huart1.Init.HwFlowCtl = UART_HWCONTROL_NONE;
  huart1.Init.OverSampling = UART_OVERSAMPLING_16;
  huart1.Init.OneBitSampling = UART_ONE_BIT_SAMPLE_DISABLE;
  huart1.Init.ClockPrescaler = UART_PRESCALER_DIV1;
  huart1.AdvancedInit.AdvFeatureInit = UART_ADVFEATURE_NO_INIT;
  if (HAL_UART_Init(&huart1) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
  if (HAL_UARTEx_SetTxFifoThreshold(&huart1, UART_TXFIFO_THRESHOLD_1_8) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
  if (HAL_UARTEx_SetRxFifoThreshold(&huart1, UART_RXFIFO_THRESHOLD_1_8) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
  if (HAL_UARTEx_DisableFifoMode(&huart1) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }

}

void HAL_UART_MspInit(UART_HandleTypeDef* uartHandle)
{

  GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStruct = {0};
  if(uartHandle->Instance==USART1)
  {
  /* USER CODE BEGIN USART1_MspInit 0 */

  /* USER CODE END USART1_MspInit 0 */
    /* USART1 clock enable */
    __HAL_RCC_USART1_CLK_ENABLE();

    __HAL_RCC_GPIOA_CLK_ENABLE();
    /**USART1 GPIO Configuration
    PA9     ------> USART1_TX
    PA10     ------> USART1_RX
    */
    GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_9|GPIO_PIN_10;
    GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_AF_PP;
    GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_NOPULL;
    GPIO_InitStruct.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_LOW;
    GPIO_InitStruct.Alternate = GPIO_AF7_USART1;
    HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStruct);

    /* USART1 DMA Init */
    /* USART1_RX Init */
    hdma_usart1_rx.Instance = DMA1_Stream0;
    hdma_usart1_rx.Init.Request = DMA_REQUEST_USART1_RX;
    hdma_usart1_rx.Init.Direction = DMA_PERIPH_TO_MEMORY;
    hdma_usart1_rx.Init.PeriphInc = DMA_PINC_DISABLE;
    hdma_usart1_rx.Init.MemInc = DMA_MINC_ENABLE;
    hdma_usart1_rx.Init.PeriphDataAlignment = DMA_PDATAALIGN_BYTE;
    hdma_usart1_rx.Init.MemDataAlignment = DMA_MDATAALIGN_BYTE;
    hdma_usart1_rx.Init.Mode = DMA_NORMAL;
    hdma_usart1_rx.Init.Priority = DMA_PRIORITY_MEDIUM;
    hdma_usart1_rx.Init.FIFOMode = DMA_FIFOMODE_DISABLE;
    if (HAL_DMA_Init(&hdma_usart1_rx) != HAL_OK)
    {
      Error_Handler();
    }

    __HAL_LINKDMA(uartHandle,hdmarx,hdma_usart1_rx);

    /* USART1_TX Init */
    hdma_usart1_tx.Instance = DMA1_Stream1;
    hdma_usart1_tx.Init.Request = DMA_REQUEST_USART1_TX;
    hdma_usart1_tx.Init.Direction = DMA_MEMORY_TO_PERIPH;
    hdma_usart1_tx.Init.PeriphInc = DMA_PINC_DISABLE;
    hdma_usart1_tx.Init.MemInc = DMA_MINC_ENABLE;
    hdma_usart1_tx.Init.PeriphDataAlignment = DMA_PDATAALIGN_BYTE;
    hdma_usart1_tx.Init.MemDataAlignment = DMA_MDATAALIGN_BYTE;
    hdma_usart1_tx.Init.Mode = DMA_NORMAL;
    hdma_usart1_tx.Init.Priority = DMA_PRIORITY_MEDIUM;
    hdma_usart1_tx.Init.FIFOMode = DMA_FIFOMODE_DISABLE;
    if (HAL_DMA_Init(&hdma_usart1_tx) != HAL_OK)
    {
      Error_Handler();
    }

    __HAL_LINKDMA(uartHandle,hdmatx,hdma_usart1_tx);

    /* USART1 interrupt Init */
    HAL_NVIC_SetPriority(USART1_IRQn, 2, 0);
    HAL_NVIC_EnableIRQ(USART1_IRQn);
  /* USER CODE BEGIN USART1_MspInit 1 */

  /* USER CODE END USART1_MspInit 1 */
  }
}

void HAL_UART_MspDeInit(UART_HandleTypeDef* uartHandle)
{

  if(uartHandle->Instance==USART1)
  {
  /* USER CODE BEGIN USART1_MspDeInit 0 */

  /* USER CODE END USART1_MspDeInit 0 */
    /* Peripheral clock disable */
    __HAL_RCC_USART1_CLK_DISABLE();

    /**USART1 GPIO Configuration
    PA9     ------> USART1_TX
    PA10     ------> USART1_RX
    */
    HAL_GPIO_DeInit(GPIOA, GPIO_PIN_9|GPIO_PIN_10);

    /* USART1 DMA DeInit */
    HAL_DMA_DeInit(uartHandle->hdmarx);
    HAL_DMA_DeInit(uartHandle->hdmatx);

    /* USART1 interrupt Deinit */
    HAL_NVIC_DisableIRQ(USART1_IRQn);
  /* USER CODE BEGIN USART1_MspDeInit 1 */

  /* USER CODE END USART1_MspDeInit 1 */
  }
}

DMA配置

void MX_DMA_Init(void)
{

    /* DMA controller clock enable */
    __HAL_RCC_DMA1_CLK_ENABLE();

    /* DMA interrupt init */
    /* DMA1_Stream0_IRQn interrupt configuration */
    HAL_NVIC_SetPriority(DMA1_Stream0_IRQn, 1, 0);
    HAL_NVIC_EnableIRQ(DMA1_Stream0_IRQn);
    /* DMA1_Stream1_IRQn interrupt configuration */
    HAL_NVIC_SetPriority(DMA1_Stream1_IRQn, 1, 0);
    HAL_NVIC_EnableIRQ(DMA1_Stream1_IRQn);
}

开启IDLE空闲中断并设置DMA接收缓冲区:

//开启空闲中断
__HAL_UART_CLEAR_IDLEFLAG(huart);
__HAL_UART_ENABLE_IT(huart,UART_IT_IDLE);

//设置DMA接收缓冲区及长度，接收长度应大于最大报文长度
HAL_UART_Receive_DMA(huart,buff,MESSAGELENTH);

在串口的中断函数中判断空闲中断，然后切换DMA接收缓冲区并重新启动，

void USART1_IRQHandler(void)
{
    if(__HAL_UART_GET_FLAG(&huart1, UART_FLAG_IDLE) != RESET)  // 空闲中断标记被置位
    {
        __HAL_UART_CLEAR_IDLEFLAG(&huart1);  // 清除中断标记
      
        .... 处理函数
    }
    else 
    {
        HAL_UART_IRQHandler(&huart1);
    }
}

接收长度可以通过（MESSAGELENTH - __HAL_DMA_GET_COUNTER(huart->hdmarx)）得出，MESSAGELENTH是最大接收长度，__HAL_DMA_GET_COUNTER(huart->hdmarx)是此句柄剩余接收长度，相减即得出实际接收长度。