OpenGL自己编码画球体——网格入门小例子

最新推荐文章于 2024-05-13 14:43:46 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-05-13 14:43:46 发布

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分类专栏： VS OpenGL 文章标签： OpenGL Sphere

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_33742119/article/details/88422059

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这是根据视频整理的项目，视频中的讲解有一点小问题，所有作了如下整理，视频链接是：球体

一、编程环境

Win 10 + VS 2013 +OpenGL

采用C语言进行编写

二、结构体定义以及全局变量

enum Ref_Plain { XOY, YOZ, XOZ };

struct Vertex{
	float x, y, z;
};

struct HalfQuarterSphere{
	Vertex topVertex;// 1/8圆的穹顶点
	Vertex **pVertexs;//其余顶点
	int numCircles;//纬线数量
	int numLine;//经线数量,连接南北两极
	float radius;//半径
};

HalfQuarterSphere hqSphere;

三、相关函数

void generateHalfQuarterSphere(int numCir/*纬线数*/, int numLin/*经线数*/, HalfQuarterSphere &hqSphere, float R){//生成1/8球体所有的顶点
	hqSphere.numCircles = numCir;
	hqSphere.numLine = numLin;
	hqSphere.radius = R;
	hqSphere.topVertex.z = R;
	hqSphere.topVertex.x = hqSphere.topVertex.y = 0;
	//申请内存块
	hqSphere.pVertexs = new Vertex*[numCir];
	for (int i = 0; i < numCir; i++){
		hqSphere.pVertexs[i] = new Vertex[numLin];
	}
	float cirAngleSegment = HALF_PI / (numLin - 1);//每道纬线的间距
	float cirAngleOffset = 0;
	float zOffset = 0;
	float angleOffset = 0;
	float linAngleSegment = HALF_PI / (numCir - 1);//每道相邻经线在XOY平面投影线的夹角


	//初始化纬线与XOZ平面的交点
	float curR = 0;
	int boundLine = numLin - 1;
	for (int i = numCir - 1; i >= 0; i--){
		zOffset = R*sin(angleOffset);
		//初始化当前纬线与始经线，末经线的交点
		curR = hqSphere.pVertexs[i][0].x = hqSphere.pVertexs[i][boundLine].y = sqrt(R*R - zOffset*zOffset);
		hqSphere.pVertexs[i][0].y = hqSphere.pVertexs[i][boundLine].x = 0;
		hqSphere.pVertexs[i][0].z = hqSphere.pVertexs[i][boundLine].z = zOffset;
		cirAngleOffset = cirAngleSegment;
		//初始化当前纬线与其余经线的交点
		for(int j = 1; j < boundLine; j++){
			hqSphere.pVertexs[i][j].x = curR*cos(cirAngleOffset);
			hqSphere.pVertexs[i][j].y = curR*sin(cirAngleOffset);
			hqSphere.pVertexs[i][j].z = zOffset;
			cirAngleOffset += cirAngleSegment;
		}
		angleOffset += linAngleSegment;
	}
}

cirAngleSegment = HALF_PI / (numLin - 1);// 1/8球体中任意一条纬线的两端点与球心构成的角度是90度（如∠YOX）， //numLin是经线条数，由于纬线与每一条经线都有交点，因此这个计算结果就是两相邻交点与球心构成的角 //度（如∠BOX），这个地方一定要减1。如OY，OB，OX是三条经线，与纬线XBY只有两个夹角

linAngleSegment = HALF_PI / (numCir - 1);//与上面同理，是经线上两相邻交点与球心之间的夹角，穹点（NS极）也算一 //条纬线，上图有三条纬线，Z，AC所在平面的纬线，XBY。

左图中，λ是纬线之间的夹角，即cirAngleSegment，φ是经线之间的夹角，即linAngleSegment。右图中可以看到经线有10条，纬线有6条。左图中的1/8半球有三条经线，三条纬线，所以在代码中的numCir,numLin均为3，由于数组下标从0开始，因此存储所有顶点的二位数组hqSphere.pVertexs的下标从一开始，第一维坐标为纬线，第二维为经线，最后一个点的下标为[2,2]。

代码解释：

Step1：

for (int i = numCir - 1; i >= 0; i--){} //该重for循环是为了依次求出纬线i上与经线的交点坐标。i的初值为 numCir - 1，因此是 //从后往前求解，即XBY(hqSphere.pVertexs[2][...]) //AC所在平面的纬线(hqSphere.pVertexs[1][...]), Z(hqSphere.pVertexs[0][...])。

Step2：

zOffset = R*sin(angleOffset);

angleOffset += linAngleSegment;

angleOffset初值为0，后来的增量为linAngleSegment，即角度φ，从左图中可以看出R*sinφ是平行于Z轴的分量，即Z坐标，如OC*sinφ=BC（OC为半径，长度为R）,故点C的Z坐标为OC*sinφ。即球面上任意一点的Z坐标均为zOffset。

　　Step3：

  curR = hqSphere.pVertexs[i][0].x = hqSphere.pVertexs[i][boundLine].y = sqrt(R*R - zOffset*zOffset);
       hqSphere.pVertexs[i][0].y = hqSphere.pVertexs[i][boundLine].x = 0;
       hqSphere.pVertexs[i][0].z = hqSphere.pVertexs[i][boundLine].z = zOffset;

hqSphere.pVertexs[i][0] 即纬线i与经线ZX的交点（因此y坐标为0），hqSphere.pVertexs[i][boundLine] 即纬线i与经线ZY的交点（因此x坐标为0），根据Step1可知，球面上任意一点的Z坐标均为zOffset。sqrt(R*R - zOffset*zOffset)为XOY平面上的投影长度，如sqrt(OC*OC-CB*CB)=OB，我们把点C移动到纬线i与经线ZX的交点上，就会发现sqrt(OC*OC-CB*CB)是hqSphere.pVertexs[i][0] 的X坐标（点B落在X轴上），而将点C移动到纬线i与经线ZY的交点上，就会发现sqrt(OC*OC-CB*CB)是hqSphere.pVertexs[i][boundLine] 的Y坐标（点B落在Y轴上）。

Step4：

cirAngleOffset = cirAngleSegment;
       //初始化当前纬线与其余经线的交点
       for(int j = 1; j < boundLine; j++){
           hqSphere.pVertexs[i][j].x = curR*cos(cirAngleOffset);
           hqSphere.pVertexs[i][j].y = curR*sin(cirAngleOffset);
           hqSphere.pVertexs[i][j].z = zOffset;
           cirAngleOffset += cirAngleSegment;
       }

cirAngleOffset初值为λ，增量也为λ。因为纬线与经线ZX、ZY的交点都已经求出来了，所有for循环的初始化为j=1,循环条件为j<boundLine。由Step3可知curR是点在XOY平面上的投影长度，如OB，所有初始时OB*cosλ即为B的X坐标，OB*sinλ即为B的Y坐标(可以看左图或者自己重新画一个XOY的平面图)。之后cirAngleOffset增加λ，即纬线i与下一条经线的交点，在左图中即为与Y轴的交点（按左图设置参数会跳出循环）。

在视频中Step2与Step4的变量设置有问题，经纬线的偏移角度设置的是错误的，此处一定要注意。

void flipHalfQuarterSphere(HalfQuarterSphere &hqSphere, Ref_Plain rp){
	switch (rp){
	case XOY://Z坐标取反
		hqSphere.topVertex.z = -hqSphere.topVertex.z;
		for (int i = 0; i < hqSphere.numCircles; i++){
			for (int j = 0; j < hqSphere.numLine; j++){
				hqSphere.pVertexs[i][j].z = -hqSphere.pVertexs[i][j].z;
			}
		}
		break;
	case YOZ://X坐标取反
		hqSphere.topVertex.x = -hqSphere.topVertex.x;
		for (int i = 0; i < hqSphere.numCircles; i++){
			for (int j = 0; j < hqSphere.numLine; j++){
				hqSphere.pVertexs[i][j].x = -hqSphere.pVertexs[i][j].x;
			}
		}
		break;
	case XOZ://Y坐标取反
		hqSphere.topVertex.y = -hqSphere.topVertex.y;
		for (int i = 0; i < hqSphere.numCircles; i++){
			for (int j = 0; j < hqSphere.numLine; j++){
				hqSphere.pVertexs[i][j].y = -hqSphere.pVertexs[i][j].y;
			}
		}
		break;
	}
}

void renderHalfQuarterSphere(const HalfQuarterSphere &hqSphere){//绘制1/8球
	glBegin(GL_TRIANGLE_FAN);//以穹点为中心画三角形扇
	glNormal3f(hqSphere.topVertex.x, hqSphere.topVertex.y, hqSphere.topVertex.z);
	glVertex3f(hqSphere.topVertex.x, hqSphere.topVertex.y, hqSphere.topVertex.z);
	for (int i = 0; i < hqSphere.numLine; i++){
		glNormal3f(hqSphere.pVertexs[0][i].x, hqSphere.pVertexs[0][i].y, hqSphere.pVertexs[0][i].z);
		glVertex3f(hqSphere.pVertexs[0][i].x, hqSphere.pVertexs[0][i].y, hqSphere.pVertexs[0][i].z);
	}
	glEnd();

	for (int i = 1; i < hqSphere.numCircles; i++){//剩下的顶点
		glBegin(GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP);
		for (int j = 0; j < hqSphere.numLine; j++){
			glNormal3f(hqSphere.pVertexs[i - 1][j].x, hqSphere.pVertexs[i - 1][j].y, hqSphere.pVertexs[i - 1][j].z);
			glVertex3f(hqSphere.pVertexs[i - 1][j].x, hqSphere.pVertexs[i - 1][j].y, hqSphere.pVertexs[i - 1][j].z);
			glNormal3f(hqSphere.pVertexs[i][j].x, hqSphere.pVertexs[i][j].y, hqSphere.pVertexs[i][j].z);
			glVertex3f(hqSphere.pVertexs[i][j].x, hqSphere.pVertexs[i][j].y, hqSphere.pVertexs[i][j].z);
		}
		glEnd();
	}
}

void renderSphere(HalfQuarterSphere &hqSphere){
	renderHalfQuarterSphere(hqSphere);//X轴正向Y轴正向Z轴正向的1/8
	flipHalfQuarterSphere(hqSphere, YOZ);
	renderHalfQuarterSphere(hqSphere);//X轴负向Y轴正向Z轴正向的1/8
	flipHalfQuarterSphere(hqSphere, XOZ);
	renderHalfQuarterSphere(hqSphere);//X轴负向Y轴负向Z轴正向的1/8
	flipHalfQuarterSphere(hqSphere, YOZ);
	renderHalfQuarterSphere(hqSphere);//X轴正向Y轴负向Z轴正向的1/8
	flipHalfQuarterSphere(hqSphere, XOY);
	renderHalfQuarterSphere(hqSphere);//X轴正向Y轴负向Z轴负向的1/8
	flipHalfQuarterSphere(hqSphere, XOZ);
	renderHalfQuarterSphere(hqSphere);//X轴正向Y轴正向Z轴负向的1/8
	flipHalfQuarterSphere(hqSphere, YOZ);
	renderHalfQuarterSphere(hqSphere);//X轴负向Y轴正向Z轴负向的1/8
	flipHalfQuarterSphere(hqSphere, XOZ);
	renderHalfQuarterSphere(hqSphere);//X轴负向Y轴负向Z轴负向的1/8
}

四、相关配置及源码

相关库文件配置请参考链接：配置OpenGL

源码：https://download.csdn.net/download/qq_33742119/11014712

本文为作者原创，转载请注明出处：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_33742119/article/details/88422059。

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OpenGL自己编码画球体——网格入门小例子

这是根据视频整理的项目，视频中的讲解有一点小问题，所有作了如下整理，视频链接是：球体一、编程环境 Win 10 + VS 2013 +OpenGL 采用C语言进行编写二、结构体定义以及全局变量enum Ref_Plain { XOY, YOZ, XOZ };struct Vertex{ float x, y, z;};struct HalfQuar...
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