C++向量的clear()及内存的释放

转自https://blog.csdn.net/wangshubo1989/article/details/50359750
现在介绍一个方法，std::vector::clear()，这可以清楚掉向量的元素，但是不能释放内存
Removes all elements from the vector (which are destroyed), leaving the container with a size of 0.
看清楚了吗，英文中提到的是size=0，而非capacity。写程序验证一些：

#include<iostream>
#include<vector>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
    vector<int> v;
    v.push_back(1);
    v.push_back(2);
    v.push_back(3);
    v.push_back(4);
    v.push_back(5);

    cout << "size:" << v.size() << endl;
    cout << "capacity:" << v.capacity() << endl;

    v.clear();
    cout << "after clear size:" << v.size() << endl;
    cout << "after clear capacity:" << v.capacity() << endl;
    return 0;
}
//输出
size:5
capacity:6
after clear size:0
after clear capacity:6

可以发现使用clear可以清除掉向量的元素，但是仍会为向量保留相应的空间，使用swap则会把保留的空间也给删除掉，当向量用指针表示时，还可以使用delete

#include<iostream>
#include<vector>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
    vector<int> v;
    v.push_back(1);
    v.push_back(2);
    v.push_back(3);
    v.push_back(4);
    v.push_back(5);

    cout << "size:" << v.size() << endl;
    cout << "capacity:" << v.capacity() << endl;

    vector<int>().swap(v);
    cout << "after swap size:" << v.size() << endl;
    cout << "after swap capacity:" << v.capacity() << endl;
    return 0;
}
//输出：
size:5
capacity:6
after swap size:0
after swap capacity:0

另一种释放向量内存的方法是

#include<iostream>
#include<vector>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
    vector<int> v;
    v.push_back(1);
    v.push_back(2);
    v.push_back(3);
    v.push_back(4);
    v.push_back(5);

    cout << "size:" << v.size() << endl;
    cout << "capacity:" << v.capacity() << endl;

    v.clear();
    v.shrink_to_fit();
    cout << "after swap size:" << v.size() << endl;
    cout << "after swap capacity:" << v.capacity() << endl;
    return 0;
}
//输出：
size:5
capacity:6
after swap size:0
after swap capacity:0