一、简单工厂模式包含的角色
简单工厂模式包含三个角色:
- 工厂类Factory:工厂类是用来制造产品的,因此在Factory中就有一个专门制造产品的函数(create),这个函数会根据“标识符”来判断该生产什么产品。
- 抽象产品类:抽象产品是具体产品的基类,只有一个。
- 具体产品类:具体产品类继承自抽象产品类,可以有多个。当需要新增产品的时候就增加一个具体产品类即可。
在《大话设计模式》中,工厂类就是选择用哪一种运算方法,抽象产品类就是基本运算,具体产品类就是“加减乘除”这些。
二、简单工厂模式的优势
实现了松耦合,修改一种功能时不影响其他功能,当增加功能时也不影响其他代码,只需两处更改:
- 增加一个继承自抽象类的具体类;
- 在工厂类中,switch中,增加一种根据标识符选择的新case。
三、C++代码实现
#include "pch.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
//抽象的产品类
class Operation
{
public:
double GetNumberA() const
{
return this->numberA;
}
double GetNumberB() const
{
return this->numberB;
}
void SetNumberA(const double A)
{
this->numberA = A;
}
void SetNumberB(const double B)
{
this->numberB = B;
}
virtual double GetResult()
{
double result = 0;
return result;
}
protected:
double numberA;
double numberB;
};
//下面是四种具体产品类
class OperationAdd : public Operation
{
public:
double GetResult()
{
double result = 0;
result = this->numberA + this->numberB;
return result;
}
};
class OperationSub : public Operation
{
public:
double GetResult()
{
double result = 0;
result = this->numberA - this->numberB;
return result;
}
};
class OperationMul : public Operation
{
public:
double GetResult()
{
double result = 0;
result = this->numberA * this->numberB;
return result;
}
};
class OperationDiv : public Operation
{
public:
double GetResult()
{
double result = 0;
if (numberB != 0)
{
result = this->numberA / this->numberB;
}
return result;
}
};
//到底要实例化谁,将来会不会增加实例化操作,比如增加开根运算
//应该考虑用一个单独的类来做这个创造实例的过程,这就是工厂
class OperationFactory
{
public:
static Operation* createOperate(char type)
{
Operation* oper = NULL;
switch (type)
{
case '+':
oper = new OperationAdd();
break;
case '-':
oper = new OperationSub();
break;
case '*':
oper = new OperationMul();
break;
case '/':
oper = new OperationDiv();
break;
default:
break;
}
return oper;
}
};
//客户端代码
int main()
{
Operation* oper;
double strNumberA;
double strNumberB;
char type;
cout << "请输入数字A" << endl;
cin >> strNumberA;
cout << "请输入数字B" << endl;
cin >> strNumberB;
cout << "请选择运算符号" << endl;
cin >> type;
oper = OperationFactory::createOperate(type);
oper->SetNumberA(strNumberA);
oper->SetNumberB(strNumberB);
cout << oper->GetResult() << endl;
if (oper != NULL)
{
delete oper;
oper = NULL;
}
return 0;
}