1、加载包和数据
- numpy is the fundamental package for scientific computing with Python.
- h5py is a common package to interact with a dataset that is stored on an H5 file.
- matplotlib is a famous library to plot graphs in Python.
- PIL and scipy are used here to test your model with your own picture at the end
__author__ = 'Qian Chenglong' import numpy as np import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import h5py import scipy from scipy import ndimage from lr_utils import load_dataset #load data train_set_x_orig, train_set_y, test_set_x_orig, test_set_y, classes = load_dataset()
2、处理数据
1）看一下数据的形状
#get she shape of thed data print(train_set_x_orig.shape) print(train_set_y.shape) print(test_set_x_orig.shape) print(test_set_y.shape) print(classes.shape)
2）获取训练数据个数和测试数据个数，图片是64*64*3的格式
#the number of data,train number is 209 test number is50 m_train = train_set_x_orig.shape[0] m_test = test_set_x_orig.shape[0] #the picture's row * col =64*64 channel=3 num_px = train_set_x_orig.shape[1]
3）重构数据形状
A trick when you want to flatten a matrix X of shape (a,b,c,d) to a matrix X_flatten of shape (b∗c∗d, a) is to use:
X_flatten = X.reshape(X.shape[0], -1).T # X.T is the transpose of X
train_set_x_flatten = train_set_x_orig.reshape(train_set_x_orig.shape[0], -1).T test_set_x_flatten = test_set_x_orig.reshape(test_set_x_orig.shape[0], -1).T
4）标准化（归一化）处理数据，因为图片的数据都是0~255的所以我们直接/255
# standardize our dataset. train_set_x = train_set_x_flatten/255. test_set_x = test_set_x_flatten/255.
5）定义要使用的函数
sigmoid函数在这里被称为激活函数。 𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑚𝑜𝑖𝑑(z)=1+(1+exp(-z))
def sigmoid(z):
s=1/(1+np.exp(-z))
return s
初始化函数（注意，在多神经元的神经网络中，w必须采用随机初始化，b可以采用zero初始化）
#dim: the number of features
def initialize_with_zeros(dim):
w=np.zeros((dim,1))
b=0
assert (w.shape == (dim, 1)) #assert()判断（）条件是否为真，为假会报错
assert (isinstance(b, float) or isinstance(b, int))
return w,b
正向传播函数：（loss函数选择的交叉熵函数=𝑦(𝑖)log(𝑎(𝑖))+(1−𝑦(𝑖))log(1−𝑎(𝑖)))，其中a(i)是网络的输出，与下面公式中的a不是同一个）
a是学习率
注意：这里的a已经变成了神经元的输出y_hat
对于单个数据样本使用loss函数进行更新，
，
但也可以同时使用多个样本更新，即使用cost函数更新
"""
Implement the cost function and its gradient for the propagation explained above
Arguments:
w -- weights, a numpy array of size (num_px * num_px * 3, 1)
b -- bias, a scalar
X -- data of size (num_px * num_px * 3, number of examples)
Y -- true "label" vector (containing 0 if non-cat, 1 if cat) of size (1, number of examples)
Return:
cost -- negative log-likelihood cost for logistic regression
dw -- gradient of the loss with respect to w, thus same shape as w
db -- gradient of the loss with respect to b, thus same shape as b
"""
def propagate(w, b, X, Y):
m = X.shape[1] #get the number of the data
A=sigmoid((np.dot(w.T,X)+b)) # compute activation
cost = -1 / m * np.sum(Y * np.log(A) + (1 - Y) * np.log(1 - A)) # compute cost
dw = 1 / m * np.dot(X, (A - Y).T)
db = 1 / m * np.sum(A - Y)
assert (dw.shape == w.shape)
assert (db.dtype == float)
cost = np.squeeze(cost) # 压缩矩阵形状，删除多余的维度
assert (cost.shape == ())
grads = {"dw": dw,
"db": db}
return grads, cost
#
优化器（反向传播函数）
"""
This function optimizes w and b by running a gradient descent algorithm
Arguments:
w -- weights, a numpy array of size (num_px * num_px * 3, 1)
b -- bias, a scalar
X -- data of shape (num_px * num_px * 3, number of examples)
Y -- true "label" vector (containing 0 if non-cat, 1 if cat), of shape (1, number of examples)
num_iterations -- number of iterations of the optimization loop
learning_rate -- learning rate of the gradient descent update rule
print_cost -- True to print the loss every 100 steps
Returns:
params -- dictionary containing the weights w and bias b
grads -- dictionary containing the gradients of the weights and bias with respect to the cost function
costs -- list of all the costs computed during the optimization, this will be used to plot the learning curve.
"""
def optimize(w, b, X, Y, num_iterations, learning_rate, print_cost=False):
costs = []
for i in range(num_iterations):
grads, cost = propagate(w, b, X, Y)
# Retrieve derivatives from grads
dw = grads["dw"]
db = grads["db"]
# update rule
w = w - learning_rate * dw
b = b - learning_rate * db
# Record the costs
if i % 100 == 0:
costs.append(cost)
# Print the cost every 100 training examples
if print_cost and i % 100 == 0:
print ("Cost after iteration %i: %f" % (i, cost))
params = {"w": w,
"b": b}
grads = {"dw": dw,
"db": db}
return params, grads, costs
预测函数
'''
Predict whether the label is 0 or 1 using learned logistic regression parameters (w, b)
Arguments:
w -- weights, a numpy array of size (num_px * num_px * 3, 1)
b -- bias, a scalar
X -- data of size (num_px * num_px * 3, number of examples)
Returns:
Y_prediction -- a numpy array (vector) containing all predictions (0/1) for the examples in X
'''
def predict(w, b, X):
m = X.shape[1]
Y_prediction = np.zeros((1, m))
w = w.reshape(X.shape[0], 1)
# Compute vector "A" predicting the probabilities of a cat being present in the picture
A = sigmoid(np.dot(w.T, X) + b)
for i in range(A.shape[1]):
# Convert probabilities A[0,i] to actual predictions p[0,i]
if A[0, i] <= 0.5:
Y_prediction[0, i] = 0
else:
Y_prediction[0, i] = 1
assert (Y_prediction.shape == (1, m))
return Y_prediction
模型调用函数
"""
Builds the logistic regression model by calling the function you've implemented previously
Arguments:
X_train -- training set represented by a numpy array of shape (num_px * num_px * 3, m_train)
Y_train -- training labels represented by a numpy array (vector) of shape (1, m_train)
X_test -- test set represented by a numpy array of shape (num_px * num_px * 3, m_test)
Y_test -- test labels represented by a numpy array (vector) of shape (1, m_test)
num_iterations -- hyperparameter representing the number of iterations to optimize the parameters
learning_rate -- hyperparameter representing the learning rate used in the update rule of optimize()
print_cost -- Set to true to print the cost every 100 iterations
Returns:
d -- dictionary containing information about the model.
"""
def model(X_train, Y_train, X_test, Y_test, num_iterations=2000, learning_rate=0.5, print_cost=False):
# initialize parameters with zeros (≈ 1 line of code)
w, b = initialize_with_zeros(X_train.shape[0])
# Gradient descent (≈ 1 line of code)
parameters, grads, costs = optimize(w, b, X_train, Y_train, num_iterations, learning_rate, print_cost)
# Retrieve parameters w and b from dictionary "parameters"
w = parameters["w"]
b = parameters["b"]
# Predict test/train set examples (≈ 2 lines of code)
Y_prediction_test = predict(w, b, X_test)
Y_prediction_train = predict(w, b, X_train)
# Print train/test Errors
print("train accuracy: {} %".format(100 - np.mean(np.abs(Y_prediction_train - Y_train)) * 100))
print("test accuracy: {} %".format(100 - np.mean(np.abs(Y_prediction_test - Y_test)) * 100))
d = {"costs": costs,
"Y_prediction_test": Y_prediction_test,
"Y_prediction_train": Y_prediction_train,
"w": w,
"b": b,
"learning_rate": learning_rate,
"num_iterations": num_iterations}
return d
调用模型
d = model(train_set_x, train_set_y, test_set_x, test_set_y, num_iterations = 2000, learning_rate = 0.005, print_cost = True)
画出cost的曲线
# Plot learning curve (with costs)
costs = np.squeeze(d['costs'])
plt.plot(costs)
plt.ylabel('cost')
plt.xlabel('iterations (per hundreds)')
plt.title("Learning rate =" + str(d["learning_rate"]))
plt.show()
learning_rates = [0.01, 0.001, 0.0001]
models = {}
for i in learning_rates:
print ("learning rate is: " + str(i))
models[str(i)] = model(train_set_x, train_set_y, test_set_x, test_set_y, num_iterations = 1500, learning_rate = i, print_cost = False)
print ('\n' + "-------------------------------------------------------" + '\n')
for i in learning_rates:
plt.plot(np.squeeze(models[str(i)]["costs"]), label= str(models[str(i)]["learning_rate"]))
plt.ylabel('cost')
plt.xlabel('iterations')
legend = plt.legend(loc='upper center', shadow=True)
frame = legend.get_frame()
frame.set_facecolor('0.90')
plt.show()
使用自己的图片测试
my_image = "cat_in_iran.jpg" # change this to the name of your image file
# We preprocess the image to fit your algorithm.
fname = "images/" + my_image
image = np.array(ndimage.imread(fname, flatten=False))
my_image = scipy.misc.imresize(image, size=(num_px,num_px)).reshape((1, num_px*num_px*3)).T
my_predicted_image = predict(d["w"], d["b"], my_image)
plt.imshow(image)
print("y = " + str(np.squeeze(my_predicted_image)) + ", your algorithm predicts a \"" + classes[
完整代码
lr_utils.py
import numpy as np
import h5py
def load_dataset():
train_dataset = h5py.File(r'F:\TensorFlow_practice\TensorFlow\NNmindset\datasets\train_catvnoncat.h5', "r")
train_set_x_orig = np.array(train_dataset["train_set_x"][:]) # your train set features
train_set_y_orig = np.array(train_dataset["train_set_y"][:]) # your train set labels
test_dataset = h5py.File(r'F:\TensorFlow_practice\TensorFlow\NNmindset\datasets\test_catvnoncat.h5', "r")
test_set_x_orig = np.array(test_dataset["test_set_x"][:]) # your test set features
test_set_y_orig = np.array(test_dataset["test_set_y"][:]) # your test set labels
classes = np.array(test_dataset["list_classes"][:]) # the list of classes
train_set_y_orig = train_set_y_orig.reshape((1, train_set_y_orig.shape[0]))
test_set_y_orig = test_set_y_orig.reshape((1, test_set_y_orig.shape[0]))
return train_set_x_orig, train_set_y_orig, test_set_x_orig, test_set_y_orig, classes
single_nerve_network.py
__author__ = 'Qian Chenglong'
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import h5py
import scipy
from scipy import ndimage
from lr_utils import load_dataset
#load data
train_set_x_orig, train_set_y, test_set_x_orig, test_set_y, classes = load_dataset()
# index = 5
# plt.imshow(train_set_x_orig[index])
# print ("y = " + str(train_set_y[:, index]) + ", it's a '" + classes[np.squeeze(train_set_y[:, index])].decode("utf-8") + "' picture.")
#get she shape of thed data
print(train_set_x_orig.shape)
print(train_set_y.shape)
print(test_set_x_orig.shape)
print(test_set_y.shape)
print(classes.shape)
#the number of data,train number is 209 test number is50
m_train = train_set_x_orig.shape[0]
m_test = test_set_x_orig.shape[0]
#the picture's row * col =64*64
num_px = train_set_x_orig.shape[1]
#
train_set_x_flatten = train_set_x_orig.reshape(train_set_x_orig.shape[0], -1).T
test_set_x_flatten = test_set_x_orig.reshape(test_set_x_orig.shape[0], -1).T
# standardize our dataset.
train_set_x = train_set_x_flatten/255.
test_set_x = test_set_x_flatten/255.
def sigmoid(z):
s=1/(1+np.exp(-z))
return s
#dim: the number of features
def initialize_with_zeros(dim):
w=np.zeros((dim,1))
b=0
assert (w.shape == (dim, 1)) #assert()判断（）条件是否为真，为假会报错
assert (isinstance(b, float) or isinstance(b, int))
return w,b
"""
Implement the cost function and its gradient for the propagation explained above
Arguments:
w -- weights, a numpy array of size (num_px * num_px * 3, 1)
b -- bias, a scalar
X -- data of size (num_px * num_px * 3, number of examples)
Y -- true "label" vector (containing 0 if non-cat, 1 if cat) of size (1, number of examples)
Return:
cost -- negative log-likelihood cost for logistic regression
dw -- gradient of the loss with respect to w, thus same shape as w
db -- gradient of the loss with respect to b, thus same shape as b
"""
def propagate(w, b, X, Y):
m = X.shape[1] #get the number of the data
A=sigmoid((np.dot(w.T,X)+b)) # compute activation
cost = -1 / m * np.sum(Y * np.log(A) + (1 - Y) * np.log(1 - A)) # compute cost
dw = 1 / m * np.dot(X, (A - Y).T)
db = 1 / m * np.sum(A - Y)
assert (dw.shape == w.shape)
assert (db.dtype == float)
cost = np.squeeze(cost) # 压缩矩阵形状，删除多余的维度
assert (cost.shape == ())
grads = {"dw": dw,
"db": db}
return grads, cost
"""
This function optimizes w and b by running a gradient descent algorithm
Arguments:
w -- weights, a numpy array of size (num_px * num_px * 3, 1)
b -- bias, a scalar
X -- data of shape (num_px * num_px * 3, number of examples)
Y -- true "label" vector (containing 0 if non-cat, 1 if cat), of shape (1, number of examples)
num_iterations -- number of iterations of the optimization loop
learning_rate -- learning rate of the gradient descent update rule
print_cost -- True to print the loss every 100 steps
Returns:
params -- dictionary containing the weights w and bias b
grads -- dictionary containing the gradients of the weights and bias with respect to the cost function
costs -- list of all the costs computed during the optimization, this will be used to plot the learning curve.
"""
def optimize(w, b, X, Y, num_iterations, learning_rate, print_cost=False):
costs = []
for i in range(num_iterations):
grads, cost = propagate(w, b, X, Y)
# Retrieve derivatives from grads
dw = grads["dw"]
db = grads["db"]
# update rule
w = w - learning_rate * dw
b = b - learning_rate * db
# Record the costs
if i % 100 == 0:
costs.append(cost)
# Print the cost every 100 training examples
if print_cost and i % 100 == 0:
print ("Cost after iteration %i: %f" % (i, cost))
params = {"w": w,
"b": b}
grads = {"dw": dw,
"db": db}
return params, grads, costs
'''
Predict whether the label is 0 or 1 using learned logistic regression parameters (w, b)
Arguments:
w -- weights, a numpy array of size (num_px * num_px * 3, 1)
b -- bias, a scalar
X -- data of size (num_px * num_px * 3, number of examples)
Returns:
Y_prediction -- a numpy array (vector) containing all predictions (0/1) for the examples in X
'''
def predict(w, b, X):
m = X.shape[1]
Y_prediction = np.zeros((1, m))
w = w.reshape(X.shape[0], 1)
# Compute vector "A" predicting the probabilities of a cat being present in the picture
A = sigmoid(np.dot(w.T, X) + b)
for i in range(A.shape[1]):
# Convert probabilities A[0,i] to actual predictions p[0,i]
if A[0, i] <= 0.5:
Y_prediction[0, i] = 0
else:
Y_prediction[0, i] = 1
assert (Y_prediction.shape == (1, m))
return Y_prediction
"""
Builds the logistic regression model by calling the function you've implemented previously
Arguments:
X_train -- training set represented by a numpy array of shape (num_px * num_px * 3, m_train)
Y_train -- training labels represented by a numpy array (vector) of shape (1, m_train)
X_test -- test set represented by a numpy array of shape (num_px * num_px * 3, m_test)
Y_test -- test labels represented by a numpy array (vector) of shape (1, m_test)
num_iterations -- hyperparameter representing the number of iterations to optimize the parameters
learning_rate -- hyperparameter representing the learning rate used in the update rule of optimize()
print_cost -- Set to true to print the cost every 100 iterations
Returns:
d -- dictionary containing information about the model.
"""
def model(X_train, Y_train, X_test, Y_test, num_iterations=2000, learning_rate=0.5, print_cost=False):
# initialize parameters with zeros (≈ 1 line of code)
w, b = initialize_with_zeros(X_train.shape[0])
# Gradient descent (≈ 1 line of code)
parameters, grads, costs = optimize(w, b, X_train, Y_train, num_iterations, learning_rate, print_cost)
# Retrieve parameters w and b from dictionary "parameters"
w = parameters["w"]
b = parameters["b"]
# Predict test/train set examples (≈ 2 lines of code)
Y_prediction_test = predict(w, b, X_test)
Y_prediction_train = predict(w, b, X_train)
# Print train/test Errors
print("train accuracy: {} %".format(100 - np.mean(np.abs(Y_prediction_train - Y_train)) * 100))
print("test accuracy: {} %".format(100 - np.mean(np.abs(Y_prediction_test - Y_test)) * 100))
d = {"costs": costs,
"Y_prediction_test": Y_prediction_test,
"Y_prediction_train": Y_prediction_train,
"w": w,
"b": b,
"learning_rate": learning_rate,
"num_iterations": num_iterations}
return d
d = model(train_set_x, train_set_y, test_set_x, test_set_y, num_iterations = 2000, learning_rate = 0.005, print_cost = True)
# Example of a picture that was wrongly classified.
index = 1
plt.imshow(test_set_x[:,index].reshape((num_px, num_px, 3)))
print ("y = " + str(test_set_y[0,index]) + ", you predicted that it is a \"" + classes[int(d["Y_prediction_test"][0,index])].decode("utf-8") + "\" picture.")
# Plot learning curve (with costs)
costs = np.squeeze(d['costs'])
plt.plot(costs)
plt.ylabel('cost')
plt.xlabel('iterations (per hundreds)')
plt.title("Learning rate =" + str(d["learning_rate"]))
plt.show()
learning_rates = [0.01, 0.001, 0.0001]
models = {}
for i in learning_rates:
print ("learning rate is: " + str(i))
models[str(i)] = model(train_set_x, train_set_y, test_set_x, test_set_y, num_iterations = 1500, learning_rate = i, print_cost = False)
print ('\n' + "-------------------------------------------------------" + '\n')
for i in learning_rates:
plt.plot(np.squeeze(models[str(i)]["costs"]), label= str(models[str(i)]["learning_rate"]))
plt.ylabel('cost')
plt.xlabel('iterations')
legend = plt.legend(loc='upper center', shadow=True)
frame = legend.get_frame()
frame.set_facecolor('0.90')
plt.show()
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