c++ primer plus中的string类

zhnstring.h

#pragma once
#include <iostream>

class zhnstring
{
public:
	zhnstring(void);
	zhnstring(const char* s);
	zhnstring(const zhnstring &s);
	~zhnstring(void);
	int length(void) const { return len; };
	zhnstring &operator=(const zhnstring &s);
private:
	char *str;
	int len;
	static int num_strings;
	friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const zhnstring& st);
};

zhnstring.cpp

#include <cstring>
#include "zhnstring.h"

int zhnstring::num_strings = 0;

zhnstring::zhnstring(void)
{
	len = 4;
	str = new char[4];
	std::strcpy(str, "C++");
	++num_strings;
	std::cout << num_strings << ":\"" << str << "\" object created." << std::endl;
}

zhnstring::zhnstring(const char* s)
{
	len = strlen(s);
	str = new char[len + 1];
	std::strcpy(str, s);
	++num_strings;
	std::cout << num_strings << ":\"" << str << "\" default object created." << std::endl;
}

zhnstring::zhnstring(const zhnstring &s)
{
	len = s.len;
	str = new char[len+1];
	std::strcpy(str, s.str);
	num_strings++;
	std::cout << num_strings << ":\"" << str << "\" default object created." << std::endl;
}

zhnstring::~zhnstring(void)
{
	--num_strings;
	std::cout << "\"" << str << "\" object deleted, " << num_strings << " left" << std::endl;
	delete[] str;
}

zhnstring &zhnstring::operator=(const zhnstring &s)
{
	if (this==&s) return *this;
	delete []str;
	len = s.len;
	str = new char[len+1];
	std::strcpy(str, s.str);
	return *this;
}

std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const zhnstring& st)
{
	os << st.str;
	return os;
}

main.cpp

#include <iostream>
#include "zhnstring.h"
#include <cstring>

void Call_String1(zhnstring str)
{
	std::cout<<str<<std::endl;
}

void Call_String2(zhnstring &str)
{
	std::cout<<str<<std::endl;
}

int main(void)
{
	using std::cout;
	using std::endl;
	char strtest[4]="C++";
	cout<<strtest<<" "<<std::strlen(strtest)<<endl;
	zhnstring headline1("strline1");
	zhnstring headline2(headline1);
	zhnstring headline3=headline1;
	zhnstring headline4;
	headline4=headline1;
	cout << headline1 << endl;
	Call_String1(headline1);
	Call_String2(headline1);
	Call_String1(headline2);
	Call_String2(headline2);
	Call_String1(headline3);
	Call_String2(headline3);
	Call_String1(headline4);
	Call_String2(headline4);
	return 0;
}