C++ Primer Plus(StringBad类的改进)

#ifndef STRING1_H
#define STRING1_H
#include<iostream>
using std::ostream;
using std::istream;

class String
{
private:
    char *str;
    int len;
    static int num_strings;
    static const int CINLIM = 80;//cin input limit
public:
    String(const char *s);
    String();
    String(const String &);//copy constructor
    ~String();
    int length() const { return len; }

    String & operator=(const String &);
    String & operator=(const char*);
    char & operator[] (int i);
    const char & operator[] (int i) const;

    friend bool operator<(const String &st, const String &st2);
    friend bool operator>(const String &st, const String &st2);
    friend bool operator==(const String &st, const String &st2);
    friend ostream & operator<<(ostream & os, const String &st);
    friend istream & operator>>(istream & is, String &st);

    static int HowMany();




};





#endif // !STRING1_H

#include"stdafx.h"
#include<cstring>
#include"string1.h"
using std::cin;
using std::cout;

int String::num_strings = 0;

int String::HowMany()
{
    return num_strings;
}

String::String(const char *s)
{
    len = std::strlen(s);
    str = new char[len + 1];
    std::strcpy(str, s);
    num_strings++;
}

String::String()
{
    len = 4;
    str = new char[1];
    str[0] = '\0';
    num_strings++;
}

String::String(const String &st)
{
    num_strings++;
    len = st.len;
    str = new char[len + 1];
    std::strcpy(str, st.str);
}

String::~String()
{
    --num_strings;
    delete[] str;
}

String & String::operator=(const String &st)
{
    if (this == &st)
        return *this;
    delete[] str;
    len = st.len;
    str = new char[len + 1];
    std::strcpy(str, st.str);
    return *this;
}

String & String::operator=(const char *s)
{
    delete[] str;
    len = std::strlen(s);
    str = new char[len + 1];
    std::strcpy(str, s);
    return *this;
}

char & String::operator[](int i)
{
    return str[i];
}



const char & String::operator[](int i)const//make sure thda data won't be changed
{
    return str[i];
}

bool operator<(const String &st1, const String &st2)
{
    return (std::strcmp(st1.str, st2.str) < 0);
}

bool operator>(const String &st1, const String &st2)
{
    return st2 < st1;
}

ostream & operator<< (ostream & os, const String & st)
{
    os << st.str;
    return os;
}

istream & operator >> (istream &is, String & st)
{
    char temp[String::CINLIM];
    is.get(temp, String::CINLIM);
    if (is)
        st = temp;
    while (is && is.get() != '\n')
        continue;
    return is;

}

// String.cpp : 定义控制台应用程序的入口点。
//

#include "stdafx.h"
#include"string1.h"
const int ArSize = 10;
const int MaxLen = 81;


int main()
{
    using std::cout;
    using std::cin;
    using std::endl;
    String name;
    cout << "<<Hi,waht's your name?\n>>";
    cin >> name;

    cout << name << ",please enter up to " << ArSize << " short sayings <empty line to quit>:\n";
    String sayings[ArSize];

    char temp[MaxLen];
    int i;
    for (i = 0; i < ArSize; i++)
    {
        cout << i + 1 << ": ";
        cin.get(temp, MaxLen);
        while (cin && cin.get() != '\n')
            continue;
        if (!cin || temp[0] == '\0')
            break;
        else
            sayings[i] = temp;
    }

    int total = i;
    if (total > 0)
    {
        cout << "Here are your sayings:\n";
        for (i = 0; i < total; i++)
            cout << sayings[i][0] << ": " << sayings[i] << endl;


        int shortest = 0;
        int first = 0;
        for (i = 1; i < total; i++)
        {
            if (sayings[i].length() < sayings[shortest].length())
                shortest = i;
            if (sayings[i] < sayings[first])
                first = i;
        }

        cout << "Shortest saying:\n" << sayings[shortest] << endl;
        cout << "First alphabetically:\n" << sayings[first] << endl;
        cout << "This program used " << String::HowMany() << "String objects.Bye!\n";
    }
    else
        cout << "No input! Bye!\n";

    return 0;

}