已知 x 、 y 、 z x、y、z x、y、z 为正实数.证明:
x y x 2 + y 2 + 2 z 2 + y z 2 x 2 + y 2 + z 2 + z x x 2 + 2 y 2 + z 2 ≤ 3 4 . \frac{xy}{x^2+y^2+2z^2}+\frac{yz}{2x^2+y^2+z^2}+\frac{zx}{x^2+2y^2+z^2}\leq\frac34. x2+y2+2z2xy+2x2+y2+z2yz+x2+2y2+z2zx≤43.
证明:
设
u
=
x
2
,
v
=
y
2
,
w
=
z
2
u=x^2,v=y^2,w=z^2
u=x2,v=y2,w=z2 .则
x
y
x
2
+
y
2
+
2
z
2
+
y
z
2
x
2
+
y
2
+
z
2
+
z
x
x
2
+
2
y
2
+
z
2
\frac{xy}{x^2+y^2+2z^2}+\frac{yz}{2x^2+y^2+z^2}+\frac{zx}{x^2+2y^2+z^2}
x2+y2+2z2xy+2x2+y2+z2yz+x2+2y2+z2zx
=
x
y
y
2
+
z
2
+
z
2
+
x
2
+
y
z
z
2
+
x
2
+
x
2
+
y
2
+
z
x
x
2
+
y
2
+
y
2
+
z
2
.
= \frac{xy}{y^2+z^2+z^2+x^2}+\frac{yz}{z^2+x^2+x^2+y^2}+\frac{zx}{x^2+y^2+y^2+z^2}.
=y2+z2+z2+x2xy+z2+x2+x2+y2yz+x2+y2+y2+z2zx.
≤
x
y
2
(
y
2
+
z
2
)
(
z
2
+
x
2
)
+
y
z
2
(
z
2
+
x
2
)
(
x
2
+
y
2
)
+
z
x
(
x
2
+
y
2
)
(
y
2
+
z
2
)
\leq\frac{xy}{2\sqrt{(y^2+z^2)(z^2+x^2)}}+\frac{yz}{2\sqrt{(z^2+x^2)(x^2+y^2)}}+\frac{zx}{\sqrt{(x^2+y^2)(y^2+z^2)}}
≤2(y2+z2)(z2+x2)xy+2(z2+x2)(x2+y2)yz+(x2+y2)(y2+z2)zx
=
1
2
u
v
(
v
+
w
)
(
w
+
u
)
+
1
2
v
w
(
w
+
u
)
(
u
+
v
)
+
1
2
w
u
(
u
+
v
)
(
v
+
w
)
⋯
①
=\frac12\sqrt{\frac{uv}{(v+w)(w+u)}}+\frac12\sqrt{\frac{vw}{(w+u)(u+v)}}+\frac12\sqrt{\frac{wu}{(u+v)(v+w)}}\cdots ①
=21(v+w)(w+u)uv+21(w+u)(u+v)vw+21(u+v)(v+w)wu⋯①
设
a
=
v
+
w
,
b
=
w
+
u
,
c
=
u
+
v
a=v+w , b=w+u , c=u+v
a=v+w,b=w+u,c=u+v .则
a
+
b
−
c
=
2
w
>
0
a+b-c=2w>0
a+b−c=2w>0,
b
+
c
−
a
=
2
u
>
0
b+c-a=2u>0
b+c−a=2u>0,
c
+
a
−
b
=
2
v
>
0
c+a-b=2v>0
c+a−b=2v>0.
因此,以
a
、
b
、
c
a、b、c
a、b、c 为三边的边长,可以构成一个三角形(设为
Δ
A
B
C
\Delta ABC
ΔABC).
又设
p
=
1
2
(
a
+
b
+
c
)
p=\frac12(a+b+c)
p=21(a+b+c).则
u
=
p
−
a
,
v
=
p
−
b
,
w
=
p
−
c
u=p-a , v=p-b , w=p-c
u=p−a,v=p−b,w=p−c.
故式①
=
1
2
(
p
−
a
)
(
p
−
b
)
a
b
+
1
2
(
p
−
b
)
(
p
−
c
)
b
c
+
1
2
(
p
−
c
)
(
p
−
a
)
c
a
.
⋯
②
=\frac12\sqrt{\frac{(p-a)(p-b)}{ab}}+\frac12\sqrt{\frac{(p-b)(p-c)}{bc}}+\frac12\sqrt{\frac{(p-c)(p-a)}{ca}}.\cdots ②
=21ab(p−a)(p−b)+21bc(p−b)(p−c)+21ca(p−c)(p−a).⋯②
由半角公式及余弦定理得
sin
A
2
=
(
p
−
b
)
(
p
−
c
)
b
c
\sin \frac A2 =\sqrt{\frac{(p-b)(p-c)}{bc}}
sin2A=bc(p−b)(p−c),
sin
B
2
=
(
p
−
c
)
(
p
−
a
)
c
a
\sin \frac B2 =\sqrt{\frac{(p-c)(p-a)}{ca}}
sin2B=ca(p−c)(p−a),
sin
C
2
=
(
p
−
a
)
(
p
−
b
)
a
b
\sin \frac C2 =\sqrt{\frac{(p-a)(p-b)}{ab}}
sin2C=ab(p−a)(p−b).
又由琴生不等式得
sin
A
2
+
sin
B
2
+
sin
C
2
≤
3
sin
A
2
+
B
2
+
C
2
3
=
3
2
\sin \frac A2+\sin \frac B2+\sin \frac C2\leq3\sin \frac{\frac A2+\frac B2 +\frac C2}{3}=\frac 32
sin2A+sin2B+sin2C≤3sin32A+2B+2C=23,
故式②
=
1
2
(
sin
A
2
+
sin
B
2
+
sin
C
2
)
≤
3
4
.
=\frac12 (\sin \frac A2+\sin \frac B2+\sin\frac C2)\leq \frac 34.
=21(sin2A+sin2B+sin2C)≤43.
从而,原不等式成立.