【线性代数】1.7矩阵的二次型

1.二次型矩阵

  含有$n$个变量$x_1,x_2,\cdots ,x_n$的二次齐次函数
$f\left(x_1,x_2,\cdots ,x_n\right)=a_{11}{x}_1^2+a_{22}{x}_2^2+\cdots +a_{nn}{x}_n^2$
                                                                             + 2 a 12 x 1 x 2 + 2 a 13 x 1 x 3 + ⋯ + 2 a 1 n x 1 x n                                                                                 + 2 a 23 x 2 x 3 + ⋯ + 2 a 2 n x 2 x n                                                                              + ⋯ + 2 a n − 1 , n x n − 1 x n \;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;+2a_{12}x_1x_2+2a_{13}x_1x_3+\cdots+2a_{1n}x_1x_n\;\\\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;+2a_{23}x_2x_3+\cdots+2a_{2n}x_2x_n\\\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;+\cdots+2a_{n-1,n}x_{n-1}x_n +2a12​x1​x2​+2a13​x1​x3​+⋯+2a1n​x1​xn​+2a23​x2​x3​+⋯+2a2n​x2​xn​+⋯+2an−1,n​x