支付场景业务关联设计模式

用工厂模式设计支付业务场景，包含跨境支付，支付宝、微信、银联支付,并画出类图

1: 理清题目要求并扩展题目, 题目要求是用工程模式设计支付业务场景

假设第一个场景是: 已经存在统一支付接口,支付宝接口,微信支付接口,银联支付接口,于是画下设计图(不是类图),

写出代码如下:(第一个是简单工厂模式)

public interface IPayment {

    /**
     * 支付金额
     * @param money
     */
    void pay(Double money);
}

public class AliPayment implements IPayment {
    @Override
    public void pay(Double money) {
        System.out.println("使用支付宝支付金额: " + money);
    }
}
public class OverseasPayment implements IPayment {
    @Override
    public void pay(Double money) {
        System.out.println("使用境外支付金额: " + money);
    }
}
public class UnionPayment implements IPayment {
    @Override
    public void pay(Double money) {
        System.out.println("使用银联支付金额: " + money);
    }
}
public class WechatPayment implements IPayment {
    @Override
    public void pay(Double money) {
        System.out.println("使用微信支付金额: " + money);
    }
}

public class PaymentFactory {
    public static final String ALI = "ali";
    public static final String WECHAT = "wechat";
    public static final String UNION = "union";
    public static final String OVERSEA = "oversea";

    /**
     * 創建 支付方式
     * @param params
     * @return
     */
    public static IPayment createPayment(String params) {
        if(ALI.equalsIgnoreCase(params)) {
            return new AliPayment();
        } else if(WECHAT.equalsIgnoreCase(params)) {
            return new WechatPayment();
        } else if(UNION.equalsIgnoreCase(params)) {
            return new UnionPayment();
        } else if(OVERSEA.equalsIgnoreCase(params)) {
            return new OverseasPayment();
        } else {
            return null;
        }
    }
}
public class SimpleFactoryPayTest {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String params = "ali";
        IPayment payment = PaymentFactory.createPayment(params);
        Double money = 6.2;
        payment.pay(money);
    }
}

具体类图UML图:

从上面的代码中我们能发现出很多问题

1: 扩展问题, 境外统一支付是后面新接入的接口,如果原理的判断逻辑没有编写的话,那么就需要更改代码判断逻辑,这样做

提高了代码变更造成的风险,违背了开闭原则.

2: 所以的支付都比较抽象,都没有说明是如何支付的,支付的细节没有任何的提现,无法应用到实际中,甚至连参考都谈不上.

既然知道了问题,那么我们就开始对上面的问题做一点改造,改造的引领思路如下:

1: 为了提高扩展性,我们都要习惯性的面向抽象编程.

2: 为了提高扩展性, 我们都要习惯在熟知业务的情况下看看是否可以用设计模式(综合使用设计模式)进行改造.

于是我们对业务场景做出改变,

支付分为国内支付和国外支付,然后国外支付有不同的支付渠道及方式,比如苹果支付,同时国外也有相同的支付方式,支付宝支付,

微信支付,银联支付,这个层面还是对支付方式上面的一个设计,设计如下: (抽象工厂模式)

支付场景设计如下: 在页面上面我们可以选择不同的支付方式,

首先是国内,国外单选框选择,

选择国内: 有如下图显示方式

选择国外: 有如下图显示方式

编写相关代码如下:

public interface IPayment2 {

    /**
     * 支付金额
     * @param money
     */
    void pay(Double money);
}

public interface IPaymentFactory {

    IPayment2 createAliPayment();
    IPayment2 createWechatPayment();
    IPayment2 createUnionPayment();
}

public class AbstractFactoryTest {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        HomePaymentFacotry homePaymentFacotry = new HomePaymentFacotry();
        Double money = 7.8;
        homePaymentFacotry.createAliPayment().pay(money);

        ForeignPaymentFacotry foreignAliPayment = new ForeignPaymentFacotry();
        foreignAliPayment.createAliPayment().pay(money);
        foreignAliPayment.createApplePayment().pay(money);
    }
}


public class ForeignAliPayment implements IPayment2 {

    @Override
    public void pay(Double money) {
        System.out.println("国外支付宝支付金额: " + money);
    }
}

public class ForeignApplePayment implements IPayment2 {

    @Override
    public void pay(Double money) {
        System.out.println("国外苹果宝支付金额: " + money);
    }
}


public class ForeignPaymentFacotry implements IPaymentFactory{

    @Override
    public IPayment2 createAliPayment() {
        return new ForeignAliPayment();
    }

    @Override
    public IPayment2 createWechatPayment() {
        return new ForeignWechatPayment();
    }

    @Override
    public IPayment2 createUnionPayment() {
        return new ForeignUnionPayment();
    }

    //扩展出 苹果支付
    public IPayment2 createApplePayment() {
        return new ForeignApplePayment();
    }
}


public class ForeignUnionPayment implements IPayment2 {

    @Override
    public void pay(Double money) {
        System.out.println("国外银联支付金额: " + money);
    }
}

public class ForeignWechatPayment implements IPayment2 {
    
    @Override
    public void pay(Double money) {
        System.out.println("国外微信支付金额: " + money);
    }
}

public class HomeAliPayment implements IPayment2 {
    @Override
    public void pay(Double money) {
        System.out.println("国内支付宝支付金额: " + money);
    }
}


public class HomePaymentFacotry implements IPaymentFactory {
    @Override
    public IPayment2 createAliPayment() {
        return new HomeAliPayment();
    }

    @Override
    public IPayment2 createWechatPayment() {
        return new HomeWechatPayment();
    }

    @Override
    public IPayment2 createUnionPayment() {
        return new HomeUnionPayment();
    }
}

public class HomeUnionPayment implements IPayment2 {
    @Override
    public void pay(Double money) {
        System.out.println("国内银联支付金额: " + money);
    }
}

public class HomeWechatPayment implements IPayment2 {
    @Override
    public void pay(Double money) {
        System.out.println("国内微信支付金额: " + money);
    }
}

导出UML类图如下:

如果要在跨境支付(国外支付)下面添加一个PayPal, 直接新增一个类: PayPalPayment,

public class ForeignPayPalPayment implements IPayment2 {
    @Override
    public void pay(Double money) {
        System.out.println("国外使用PayPal支付金额: " + money);
    }
}

修改代码: 

public class ForeignPaymentFacotry implements IPaymentFactory{

    @Override
    public IPayment2 createAliPayment() {
        return new ForeignAliPayment();
    }

    @Override
    public IPayment2 createWechatPayment() {
        return new ForeignWechatPayment();
    }

    @Override
    public IPayment2 createUnionPayment() {
        return new ForeignUnionPayment();
    }

    //扩展出 苹果支付
    public IPayment2 createApplePayment() {
        return new ForeignApplePayment();
    }

    //新增PayPal支付
    public IPayment2 createPayPalPayment() {
        return new ForeignPayPalPayment();
    }
}

符合开闭原则, 对扩展开放,对修改关闭,只需要新增一个类,新增一个方法即可完成PayPal支付方式的增加.

 

触类旁通:

支付场景除了涉及到工厂模式还有一系列其他的设计模式,

比如策略模式(对具体的支付算法的封装设计)

比如状态模式(对支付状态的一个设计)

还有一些非常重要的常用的支付业务,

例如聚合支付

涉及到单例模式

涉及到适配器模式

至于以上涉及到的设计模式分析详见下章节.

参考链接:

https://www.cnblogs.com/lyc94620/p/13055116.html

https://blog.csdn.net/wwsl123/article/details/107405452

https://www.cnblogs.com/lkqm/p/6476731.html

https://my.oschina.net/10000000000/blog/4358606