stm32 USART串口通信总结

stm32 USART串口通信总结

库函数版

USART.h

#ifndef __USART_H
#define __USART_H
#include "stdio.h"	
#include "sys.h" 

#define USART_REC_LEN  			200  	//定义最大接收字节数 200
#define EN_USART1_RX 			1		//使能（1）/禁止（0）串口1接收
	  	
extern u8  USART_RX_BUF[USART_REC_LEN]; //接收缓冲,最大USART_REC_LEN个字节.末字节为换行符 
extern u16 USART_RX_STA;         		//接收状态标记	
void uart_init(u32 bound);	//USART初始化
#endif

USART.c

#include "sys.h"
#include "usart.h"	  
  
#if 1
#pragma import(__use_no_semihosting)             
//标准库需要的支持函数                 
struct __FILE 
{ 
	int handle; 
}; 

FILE __stdout;       
//定义_sys_exit()以避免使用半主机模式    
_sys_exit(int x) 
{ 
	x = x; 
} 
//重定义fputc函数 
int fputc(int ch, FILE *f)
{      
	while((USART1->SR&0X40)==0);//循环发送,直到发送完毕   
    USART1->DR = (u8) ch;      
	return ch;
}
#endif 
 
#if EN_USART1_RX   //如果使能了接收
//串口1中断服务程序
//注意,读取USARTx->SR能避免莫名其妙的错误   	
u8 USART_RX_BUF[USART_REC_LEN];     //接收缓冲,最大USART_REC_LEN个字节.
//接收状态
//bit15，	接收完成标志
//bit14，	接收到0x0d
//bit13~0，	接收到的有效字节数目
u16 USART_RX_STA=0;       //接收状态标记	  
  
void uart_init(u32 bound){
  //GPIO端口设置
  GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;
	USART_InitTypeDef USART_InitStructure;
	NVIC_InitTypeDef NVIC_InitStructure;
	 
	RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_USART1|RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOA, ENABLE);	//使能USART1，GPIOA时钟
  
	//USART1_TX   GPIOA.9
  GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_9; //PA.9
  GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
  GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_AF_PP;	//复用推挽输出
  GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStructure);//初始化GPIOA.9
   
  //USART1_RX	  GPIOA.10初始化
  GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_10;//PA10
  GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_IN_FLOATING;//浮空输入
  GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStructure);//初始化GPIOA.10  

  //Usart1 NVIC 配置
  NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannel = USART1_IRQn;
	NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority=3 ;//抢占优先级3
	NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority = 3;		//子优先级3
	NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelCmd = ENABLE;			//IRQ通道使能
	NVIC_Init(&NVIC_InitStructure);	//根据指定的参数初始化VIC寄存器
  
   //USART 初始化设置

	USART_InitStructure.USART_BaudRate = bound;//串口波特率
	USART_InitStructure.USART_WordLength = USART_WordLength_8b;//字长为8位数据格式
	USART_InitStructure.USART_StopBits = USART_StopBits_1;//一个停止位
	USART_InitStructure.USART_Parity = USART_Parity_No;//无奇偶校验位
	USART_InitStructure.USART_HardwareFlowControl = USART_HardwareFlowControl_None;//无硬件数据流控制
	USART_InitStructure.USART_Mode = USART_Mode_Rx | USART_Mode_Tx;	//收发模式

  USART_Init(USART1, &USART_InitStructure); //初始化串口1
  USART_ITConfig(USART1, USART_IT_RXNE, ENABLE);//开启串口接受中断
  USART_Cmd(USART1, ENABLE);                    //使能串口1 

}

void USART1_IRQHandler(void)                	//串口1中断服务程序
	{
	u8 Res;
	if(USART_GetITStatus(USART1, USART_IT_RXNE) != RESET)  //接收中断(接收到的数据必须是0x0d 0x0a结尾)
		{
		Res =USART_ReceiveData(USART1);	//读取接收到的数据
		
		if((USART_RX_STA&0x8000)==0)//接收未完成
			{
			if(USART_RX_STA&0x4000)//接收到了0x0d
				{
				if(Res!=0x0a)USART_RX_STA=0;//接收错误,重新开始
				else USART_RX_STA|=0x8000;	//接收完成了 
				}
			else //还没收到0X0D
				{	
				if(Res==0x0d)USART_RX_STA|=0x4000;
				else
					{
					USART_RX_BUF[USART_RX_STA&0X3FFF]=Res ;
					USART_RX_STA++;
					if(USART_RX_STA>(USART_REC_LEN-1))USART_RX_STA=0;//接收数据错误,重新开始接收	  
					}		 
				}
			}   		 
     } 
} 
#endif 

这里定义了一个GPIO_InitTypeDef结构体来设置GPIO口初始化数据代码如下：

typedef struct
{
  uint16_t GPIO_Pin;             /*!< Specifies the GPIO pins to be configured.
                                      This parameter can be any value of @ref GPIO_pins_define */
                                      指定要配置的GPIO PINS。

  GPIOSpeed_TypeDef GPIO_Speed;  /*!< Specifies the speed for the selected pins.
                                      This parameter can be a value of @ref GPIOSpeed_TypeDef */
                                      指定选定管脚的速度。

  GPIOMode_TypeDef GPIO_Mode;    /*!< Specifies the operating mode for the selected pins.
                                      This parameter can be a value of @ref GPIOMode_TypeDef */
                                      指定所选管脚的操作模式。
}GPIO_InitTypeDef;

用来设置指定要配置的GPIO。

这里还有定义了一个USART_InitTypeDef结构体来设置串口信息，代码如下：

typedef struct
{
  uint32_t USART_BaudRate;            /*!< This member configures the USART communication baud rate.
                                           The baud rate is computed using the following formula:
                                            - IntegerDivider = ((PCLKx) / (16 * (USART_InitStruct->USART_BaudRate)))
                                            - FractionalDivider = ((IntegerDivider - ((u32) IntegerDivider)) * 16) + 0.5 */
                                            - 设置波特率

  uint16_t USART_WordLength;          /*!< Specifies the number of data bits transmitted or received in a frame.
                                           This parameter can be a value of @ref USART_Word_Length */
                                           设置字长格式
                                           
  uint16_t USART_StopBits;            /*!< Specifies the number of stop bits transmitted.
                                           This parameter can be a value of @ref USART_Stop_Bits */
                                           设置停止位

  uint16_t USART_Parity;              /*!< Specifies the parity mode.
                                           This parameter can be a value of @ref USART_Parity
                                           @note When parity is enabled, the computed parity is inserted
                                                 at the MSB position of the transmitted data (9th bit when
                                                 the word length is set to 9 data bits; 8th bit when the
                                                 word length is set to 8 data bits). */
                                                 设置校验方式
 
  uint16_t USART_Mode;                /*!< Specifies wether the Receive or Transmit mode is enabled or disabled.
                                           This parameter can be a value of @ref USART_Mode */
                                           设置收发模式

  uint16_t USART_HardwareFlowControl; /*!< Specifies wether the hardware flow control mode is enabled
                                           or disabled.
                                           This parameter can be a value of @ref USART_Hardware_Flow_Control */
                                           设置硬件数据流控制
} USART_InitTypeDef;

这里还定义了一个NVIC_InitTypeDef结构体来设置中断优先级，代码如下：

typedef struct
{
  uint8_t NVIC_IRQChannel;                    /*!< Specifies the IRQ channel to be enabled or disabled.
                                                   This parameter can be a value of @ref IRQn_Type 
                                                   (For the complete STM32 Devices IRQ Channels list, please
                                                    refer to stm32f10x.h file) */
                                                    指定要启用或禁用的IRQ通道

  uint8_t NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority;  /*!< Specifies the pre-emption priority for the IRQ channel
                                                   specified in NVIC_IRQChannel. This parameter can be a value
                                                   between 0 and 15 as described in the table @ref NVIC_Priority_Table */
                                                   指定IRQ通道的优先级

  uint8_t NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority;         /*!< Specifies the subpriority level for the IRQ channel specified
                                                   in NVIC_IRQChannel. This parameter can be a value
                                                   between 0 and 15 as described in the table @ref NVIC_Priority_Table */
                                                   为指定的IRQ通道指定子优先级级别

  FunctionalState NVIC_IRQChannelCmd;         /*!< Specifies whether the IRQ channel defined in NVIC_IRQChannel
                                                   will be enabled or disabled. 
                                                   This parameter can be set either to ENABLE or DISABLE */   
                                                   指定是否在NVIC IrqChannel中定义IRQ通道
} NVIC_InitTypeDef;
 
/**
  * @}
  */

/** @defgroup NVIC_Priority_Table 
  * @{
  */

/**
@code  
 The table below gives the allowed values of the pre-emption priority and subpriority according
 to the Priority Grouping configuration performed by NVIC_PriorityGroupConfig function
  ============================================================================================================================
    NVIC_PriorityGroup   | NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority | NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority  | Description
  ============================================================================================================================
   NVIC_PriorityGroup_0  |                0                  |            0-15             |   0 bits for pre-emption priority
                         |                                   |                             |   4 bits for subpriority
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   NVIC_PriorityGroup_1  |                0-1                |            0-7              |   1 bits for pre-emption priority
                         |                                   |                             |   3 bits for subpriority
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------    
   NVIC_PriorityGroup_2  |                0-3                |            0-3              |   2 bits for pre-emption priority
                         |                                   |                             |   2 bits for subpriority
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------    
   NVIC_PriorityGroup_3  |                0-7                |            0-1              |   3 bits for pre-emption priority
                         |                                   |                             |   1 bits for subpriority
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------    
   NVIC_PriorityGroup_4  |                0-15               |            0                |   4 bits for pre-emption priority
                         |                                   |                             |   0 bits for subpriority                       
  ============================================================================================================================
@endcode
*/

然后调用了一个 RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_USART1|RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOA, ENABLE);时钟函数来初始化usart1和gpio时钟
具体代码如下：

//功能为打开或关闭对应的外设输出时钟端口
 
void RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(uint32_t RCC_APB2Periph, FunctionalState NewState)
{
  
  assert_param(IS_RCC_APB2_PERIPH(RCC_APB2Periph)); //参数纠正
  assert_param(IS_FUNCTIONAL_STATE(NewState));      //参数验证
 
 
  /*参考结构体RCC_TypeDef,APB2NR为外设时钟使能寄存器，偏移地址0x18 */
  if (NewState != DISABLE)
  {
    RCC->APB2ENR |= RCC_APB2Periph; //打开对应的外设时钟输出口
  }
  else
  {
    RCC->APB2ENR &= ~RCC_APB2Periph;//关闭对应的外设时钟输出口
  }
}

main.c文件

main.c
#include "delay.h"
#include "sys.h"
#include "usart.h"
 
 int main(void)
 {		
 	u16 t;  
	u16 len;	
	delay_init();	    	 //延时函数初始化	  
	NVIC_PriorityGroupConfig(NVIC_PriorityGroup_2); //设置NVIC中断分组2:2位抢占优先级，2位响应优先级
	uart_init(115200);	 //串口初始化为115200
 	while(1)
	{
		if(USART_RX_STA&0x8000)
		{					   
			len=USART_RX_STA&0x3fff;//得到此次接收到的数据长度
			printf("\r\n您发送的消息为:\r\n\r\n");
			for(t=0;t<len;t++)
			{
				USART_SendData(USART1, USART_RX_BUF[t]);//向串口1发送数据
				while(USART_GetFlagStatus(USART1,USART_FLAG_TC)!=SET);//等待发送结束
			}
			printf("\r\n\r\n");//插入换行
			USART_RX_STA=0;
		}
	}
 }

寄存器版

usart.h

usart.h与库函数版本一致

usart.c

//加入以下代码,支持printf函数	  
#if 1
#pragma import(__use_no_semihosting)             
//标准库需要的支持函数                 
struct __FILE 
{ 
	int handle; 
	/* Whatever you require here. If the only file you are using is */ 
	/* standard output using printf() for debugging, no file handling */ 
	/* is required. */ 
}; 
/* FILE is typedef’ d in stdio.h. */ 
FILE __stdout;       
//定义_sys_exit()以避免使用半主机模式    
_sys_exit(int x) 
{ 
	x = x; 
} 
//重定向fputc函数
//printf的输出，指向fputc，由fputc输出到串口
//这里使用串口1(USART1)输出printf信息
int fputc(int ch, FILE *f)
{      
	while((USART1->SR&0X40)==0);//等待上一次串口数据发送完成  
	USART1->DR = (u8) ch;      	//写DR,串口1将发送数据
	return ch;
}
#endif 
//end

#if EN_USART1_RX   //如果使能了接收
//串口1中断服务程序
//注意,读取USARTx->SR能避免莫名其妙的错误   	
u8 USART_RX_BUF[USART_REC_LEN];     //接收缓冲,最大USART_REC_LEN个字节.
//接收状态
//bit15，	接收完成标志
//bit14，	接收到0x0d
//bit13~0，	接收到的有效字节数目
u16 USART_RX_STA=0;       //接收状态标记	  

void USART1_IRQHandler(void) //串口接收中断函数
{
	u8 res;	
	if(USART1->SR&(1<<5))	//接收到数据
	{	 
		res=USART1->DR; 
		if((USART_RX_STA&0x8000)==0)//接收未完成
		{
			if(USART_RX_STA&0x4000)//接收到了0x0d
			{
				if(res!=0x0a)USART_RX_STA=0;//接收错误,重新开始
				else USART_RX_STA|=0x8000;	//接收完成了 
			}else //还没收到0X0D
			{	
				if(res==0x0d)USART_RX_STA|=0x4000;
				else
				{
					USART_RX_BUF[USART_RX_STA&0X3FFF]=res;
					USART_RX_STA++;
					if(USART_RX_STA>(USART_REC_LEN-1))USART_RX_STA=0;//接收数据错误,重新开始接收	  
				}		 
			}
		}  		 									     
	}
} 
#endif

//初始化IO 串口1
//pclk2:PCLK2时钟频率(Mhz)
//bound:波特率 
void uart_init(u32 pclk2,u32 bound)
{  	 
	float temp;
	u16 mantissa;
	u16 fraction;	   
	temp=(float)(pclk2*1000000)/(bound*16);//得到USARTDIV
	mantissa=temp;				 //得到整数部分
	fraction=(temp-mantissa)*16; //得到小数部分	 
    mantissa<<=4;
	mantissa+=fraction; 
	RCC->APB2ENR|=1<<2;   //使能PORTA口时钟  
	RCC->APB2ENR|=1<<14;  //使能串口时钟 
	GPIOA->CRH&=0XFFFFF00F;//IO状态设置
	GPIOA->CRH|=0X000008B0;//IO状态设置 
	RCC->APB2RSTR|=1<<14;   //复位串口1
	RCC->APB2RSTR&=~(1<<14);//停止复位	   	   
	//波特率设置
 	USART1->BRR=mantissa; // 波特率设置	 
	USART1->CR1|=0X200C;  //1位停止,无校验位.
#if EN_USART1_RX		  //如果使能了接收
	//使能接收中断 
	USART1->CR1|=1<<5;    //接收缓冲区非空中断使能	    	
	MY_NVIC_Init(3,3,USART1_IRQn,2);//组2，最低优先级 
#endif
}

main.c文件

#include "sys.h"
#include "usart.h"		
#include "delay.h"	 	 

int main(void)
{								  
	u16 t; 
	u16 len;	    
	Stm32_Clock_Init(9);	//系统时钟设置
	uart_init(72,115200); 	//串口初始化为115200
	delay_init(72);	   	 	//延时初始化 
	LED_Init();		  		//初始化与LED连接的硬件接口 
 	while(1)
	{
		if(USART_RX_STA&0x8000)
		{					   
			len=USART_RX_STA&0x3FFF;//得到此次接收到的数据长度
			for(t=0;t<len;t++)
			{
				USART1->DR=USART_RX_BUF[t];
				while((USART1->SR&0X40)==0);//等待发送结束
			}
			USART_RX_STA=0;
		}
	} 
}

注USART寄存器TX中断标志位清零的方法是往DR寄存器写入数据或者手动清零，而置位的方法是等DR里面的数据从TX引脚上全部发出来。