今天总结了一下Unet网络,作为语义分割非常火爆的一篇论文,本文是作者写于2015年,论文链接https://arxiv.org/abs/1505.04597
Unet最初提出的初衷是为了解决医学图像分割问题,在模型结构上采用了U型设计
这个结构就是先对图片进行卷积和池化,在Unet论文中是池化4次,比方说一开始的图片是224x224的,然后下采样形成112x112,56x56,28x28,14x14四个不同尺寸的特征。然后我们对14x14的特征图做上采样,得到28x28的特征图,这个28x28的特征图与之前的28x28的特征图进行通道的拼接concat,然后再对拼接之后的特征图做卷积和上采样,得到56x56的特征图,再与之前的56x56的特征拼接,卷积,再上采样,经过四次上采样可以得到一个与输入图像尺寸相同的224x224,再对该图像根据类型进行1*1卷积生成类别数的heatmap然后作为softmax函数的输入,算出概率比较大的softmax,然后再进行loss,反向传播计算。
与FCN不同的是Unet融合多尺度信息通过对于通道数的叠加的concat方法,而FCN是点的相加的add方法。
Unet相对于FCN的优点在于5个pooling layer实现了网络对图像特征的多尺度特征识别,而且Unet在上采样过程中也在不断融合,相对应的FCN网络只在最后一层进行融合。
下面是Unet的实现代码:
class DoubleConv(nn.Module):
"""(convolution => [BN] => ReLU) * 2"""
def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, mid_channels=None):
super().__init__()
if not mid_channels:
mid_channels = out_channels
self.double_conv = nn.Sequential(
nn.Conv2d(in_channels, mid_channels, kernel_size=3, padding=1),
nn.BatchNorm2d(mid_channels),
nn.ReLU(inplace=True),
nn.Conv2d(mid_channels, out_channels, kernel_size=3, padding=1),
nn.BatchNorm2d(out_channels),
nn.ReLU(inplace=True)
)
def forward(self, x):
return self.double_conv(x)
class Down(nn.Module):
"""Downscaling with maxpool then double conv"""
def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels):
super().__init__()
self.maxpool_conv = nn.Sequential(
nn.MaxPool2d(2),
DoubleConv(in_channels, out_channels)
)
def forward(self, x):
return self.maxpool_conv(x)
class Up(nn.Module):
"""Upscaling then double conv"""
def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, bilinear=True):
super().__init__()
# if bilinear, use the normal convolutions to reduce the number of channels
if bilinear:
self.up = nn.Upsample(scale_factor=2, mode='bilinear', align_corners=True)
self.conv = DoubleConv(in_channels, out_channels, in_channels // 2)
else:
self.up = nn.ConvTranspose2d(in_channels, in_channels // 2, kernel_size=2, stride=2)
self.conv = DoubleConv(in_channels, out_channels)
def forward(self, x1, x2):
x1 = self.up(x1)
# input is CHW
diffY = x2.size()[2] - x1.size()[2]
diffX = x2.size()[3] - x1.size()[3]
x1 = F.pad(x1, [diffX // 2, diffX - diffX // 2,
diffY // 2, diffY - diffY // 2])
# if you have padding issues, see
# https://github.com/HaiyongJiang/U-Net-Pytorch-Unstructured-Buggy/commit/0e854509c2cea854e247a9c615f175f76fbb2e3a
# https://github.com/xiaopeng-liao/Pytorch-UNet/commit/8ebac70e633bac59fc22bb5195e513d5832fb3bd
x = torch.cat([x2, x1], dim=1)
return self.conv(x)
class OutConv(nn.Module):
def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels):
super(OutConv, self).__init__()
self.conv = nn.Conv2d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size=1)
def forward(self, x):
return self.conv(x)
class UNet(nn.Module):
def __init__(self, n_channels, n_classes, bilinear=True):
super(UNet, self).__init__()
self.n_channels = n_channels
self.n_classes = n_classes
self.bilinear = bilinear
self.inc = DoubleConv(n_channels, 64)
self.down1 = Down(64, 128)
self.down2 = Down(128, 256)
self.down3 = Down(256, 512)
factor = 2 if bilinear else 1
self.down4 = Down(512, 1024 // factor)
self.up1 = Up(1024, 512 // factor, bilinear)
self.up2 = Up(512, 256 // factor, bilinear)
self.up3 = Up(256, 128 // factor, bilinear)
self.up4 = Up(128, 64, bilinear)
self.outc = OutConv(64, n_classes)
def forward(self, x):
x1 = self.inc(x)
x2 = self.down1(x1)
x3 = self.down2(x2)
x4 = self.down3(x3)
x5 = self.down4(x4)
x = self.up1(x5, x4)
x = self.up2(x, x3)
x = self.up3(x, x2)
x = self.up4(x, x1)
logits = self.outc(x)
return logits