Combining satellite imagery and machine learning to predict poverty

Combining satellite imagery and machine learning to predict poverty 是2016年发表在Science上的一篇文章。

在发展中国家,关于地方经济发展的可靠数据仍然很少。这阻碍了对于发展中国家经济发展的研究和相关政策的制定。Jean等人提出了结合卫星图像和机器学习来推测地区消费支出和资产水平。文章首先指出现有思路,即利用夜间地图预测地区消费支出和资产水平,存在缺陷:贫困程度相异地区的夜间地图亮度流明值分布集中,无法有效区分经济水平。因此文章提出了利用高精度的日间卫星地图来替代夜间地图,并利用性能强大的神经网络模型进行预测。为了解决标注数据少导致的数据集小的挑战,文章引入了迁移学习:先构建一个神经网络模型,使用日间卫星地图数据预测夜间地图亮度值,接着使用训练好的模型参数初始化预测经济水平的神经网络模型的参数。这个方法取得了优异的性能。

占坑,后期会继续更。

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Privacy-preserving machine learning is becoming increasingly important in today's world where data privacy is a major concern. Federated learning and secure aggregation are two techniques that can be used to achieve privacy-preserving machine learning. Federated learning is a technique where the machine learning model is trained on data that is distributed across multiple devices or servers. In this technique, the model is sent to the devices or servers, and the devices or servers perform the training locally on their own data. The trained model updates are then sent back to a central server, where they are aggregated to create a new version of the model. The key advantage of federated learning is that the data remains on the devices or servers, which helps to protect the privacy of the data. Secure aggregation is a technique that can be used to protect the privacy of the model updates that are sent to the central server. In this technique, the updates are encrypted before they are sent to the central server. The central server then performs the aggregation operation on the encrypted updates, and the result is sent back to the devices or servers. The devices or servers can then decrypt the result to obtain the updated model. By combining federated learning and secure aggregation, it is possible to achieve privacy-preserving machine learning. This approach allows for the training of machine learning models on sensitive data while protecting the privacy of the data and the model updates.

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