Task02：数据分析
1.EDA数据探索性分析
读取文件
import warnings
warnings.filterwarnings('ignore')
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import seaborn as sns
import missingno as msno
data_train = pd.read_csv('used_car_train_20200313.csv',sep=' ')
data_testA = pd.read_csv('used_car_testA_20200313.csv',sep=' ')2.总览数据概况
理论
1.【总览数据概况】
data.describe() – 统计各个特征的非NaN的个数，均值，标准差，最小值，最大值，分位数。返回dataframe格式的统计表。
data.info() – 统计各个特征的dtype，非NaN的个数等。
2.【判断数据缺失和异常】
data.isnull() – 查看全体数据是否为nan，返回各个位置为nan是True还是False。
data.isnull().sum() – 查看每列（每个特征）存在nan的情况，返回每个特征对应缺失值个数。
data[feature].value_counts() – 统计feature的各个值的个数。
实战
观察数据
data_train.head()
SaleID name regDate model brand bodyType fuelType gearbox power kilometer ... v_5 v_6 v_7 v_8 v_9 v_10 v_11 v_12 v_13 v_14
0 0 736 20040402 30.0 6 1.0 0.0 0.0 60 12.5 ... 0.235676 0.101988 0.129549 0.022816 0.097462 -2.881803 2.804097 -2.420821 0.795292 0.914762
1 1 2262 20030301 40.0 1 2.0 0.0 0.0 0 15.0 ... 0.264777 0.121004 0.135731 0.026597 0.020582 -4.900482 2.096338 -1.030483 -1.722674 0.245522
2 2 14874 20040403 115.0 15 1.0 0.0 0.0 163 12.5 ... 0.251410 0.114912 0.165147 0.062173 0.027075 -4.846749 1.803559 1.565330 -0.832687 -0.229963
3 3 71865 19960908 109.0 10 0.0 0.0 1.0 193 15.0 ... 0.274293 0.110300 0.121964 0.033395 0.000000 -4.509599 1.285940 -0.501868 -2.438353 -0.478699
4 4 111080 20120103 110.0 5 1.0 0.0 0.0 68 5.0 ... 0.228036 0.073205 0.091880 0.078819 0.121534 -1.896240 0.910783 0.931110 2.834518 1.923482
5 rows × 31 columns特征含义
name - 汽车编码
regDate - 汽车注册时间
model - 车型编码
brand - 品牌
bodyType - 车身类型
fuelType - 燃油类型
gearbox - 变速箱
power - 汽车功率
kilometer - 汽车行驶公里
notRepairedDamage - 汽车有尚未修复的损坏
regionCode - 看车地区编码
seller - 销售方
offerType - 报价类型
creatDate - 广告发布时间
price - 汽车价格
v_0’, ‘v_1’, ‘v_2’, ‘v_3’, ‘v_4’, ‘v_5’, ‘v_6’, ‘v_7’, ‘v_8’, ‘v_9’, ‘v_10’, ‘v_11’, ‘v_12’, ‘v_13’,‘v_14’（根据汽车的评论、标签等大量信息得到的embedding向量）【人工构造 匿名特征】
详细信息
data_train.describe()
SaleID name regDate model brand bodyType fuelType gearbox power kilometer ... v_5 v_6 v_7 v_8 v_9 v_10 v_11 v_12 v_13 v_14
count 150000.000000 150000.000000 1.500000e+05 149999.000000 150000.000000 145494.000000 141320.000000 144019.000000 150000.000000 150000.000000 ... 150000.000000 150000.000000 150000.000000 150000.000000 150000.000000 150000.000000 150000.000000 150000.000000 150000.000000 150000.000000
mean 74999.500000 68349.172873 2.003417e+07 47.129021 8.052733 1.792369 0.375842 0.224943 119.316547 12.597160 ... 0.248204 0.044923 0.124692 0.058144 0.061996 -0.001000 0.009035 0.004813 0.000313 -0.000688
std 43301.414527 61103.875095 5.364988e+04 49.536040 7.864956 1.760640 0.548677 0.417546 177.168419 3.919576 ... 0.045804 0.051743 0.201410 0.029186 0.035692 3.772386 3.286071 2.517478 1.288988 1.038685
min 0.000000 0.000000 1.991000e+07 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.500000 ... 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 -9.168192 -5.558207 -9.639552 -4.153899 -6.546556
25% 37499.750000 11156.000000 1.999091e+07 10.000000 1.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 75.000000 12.500000 ... 0.243615 0.000038 0.062474 0.035334 0.033930 -3.722303 -1.951543 -1.871846 -1.057789 -0.437034
50% 74999.500000 51638.000000 2.003091e+07 30.000000 6.000000 1.000000 0.000000 0.000000 110.000000 15.000000 ... 0.257798 0.000812 0.095866 0.057014 0.058484 1.624076 -0.358053 -0.130753 -0.036245 0.141246
75% 112499.250000 118841.250000 2.007111e+07 66.000000 13.000000 3.000000 1.000000 0.000000 150.000000 15.000000 ... 0.265297 0.102009 0.125243 0.079382 0.087491 2.844357 1.255022 1.776933 0.942813 0.680378
max 149999.000000 196812.000000 2.015121e+07 247.000000 39.000000 7.000000 6.000000 1.000000 19312.000000 15.000000 ... 0.291838 0.151420 1.404936 0.160791 0.222787 12.357011 18.819042 13.847792 11.147669 8.658418
8 rows × 30 columns
print(data_train.shape,data_testA.shape)
(150000, 31) (50000, 30)
查看缺失值
print(data_train.isnull().sum())
print(data_testA.isnull().sum())
SaleID 0
name 0
regDate 0
model 1
brand 0
bodyType 4506
fuelType 8680
gearbox 5981
power 0
kilometer 0
notRepairedDamage 0
regionCode 0
seller 0
offerType 0
creatDate 0
price 0
v_0 0
v_1 0
v_2 0
v_3 0
v_4 0
v_5 0
v_6 0
v_7 0
v_8 0
v_9 0
v_10 0
v_11 0
v_12 0
v_13 0
v_14 0
dtype: int64
SaleID 0
name 0
regDate 0
model 0
brand 0
bodyType 1413
fuelType 2893
gearbox 1910
power 0
kilometer 0
notRepairedDamage 0
regionCode 0
seller 0
offerType 0
creatDate 0
v_0 0
v_1 0
v_2 0
v_3 0
v_4 0
v_5 0
v_6 0
v_7 0
v_8 0
v_9 0
v_10 0
v_11 0
v_12 0
v_13 0
v_14 0
dtype: int64
从统计情况看，训练数据中model、bodyType、fuelType、gearbox存在缺失值
查看是否有异常值
print(Train_data.info())
结果如下：
<class 'pandas.core.frame.DataFrame'>
RangeIndex: 150000 entries, 0 to 149999
Data columns (total 31 columns):
# Column Non-Null Count Dtype
--- ------ -------------- -----
0 SaleID 150000 non-null int64
1 name 150000 non-null int64
2 regDate 150000 non-null int64
3 model 149999 non-null float64
4 brand 150000 non-null int64
5 bodyType 145494 non-null float64
6 fuelType 141320 non-null float64
7 gearbox 144019 non-null float64
8 power 150000 non-null int64
9 kilometer 150000 non-null float64
10 notRepairedDamage 150000 non-null object
11 regionCode 150000 non-null int64
12 seller 150000 non-null int64
13 offerType 150000 non-null int64
14 creatDate 150000 non-null int64
15 price 150000 non-null int64
16 v_0 150000 non-null float64
17 v_1 150000 non-null float64
18 v_2 150000 non-null float64
19 v_3 150000 non-null float64
20 v_4 150000 non-null float64
21 v_5 150000 non-null float64
22 v_6 150000 non-null float64
23 v_7 150000 non-null float64
24 v_8 150000 non-null float64
25 v_9 150000 non-null float64
26 v_10 150000 non-null float64
27 v_11 150000 non-null float64
28 v_12 150000 non-null float64
29 v_13 150000 non-null float64
30 v_14 150000 non-null float64
dtypes: float64(20), int64(10), object(1)
代码示例
- 载入各种数据科学以及可视化库
- 载入数据
- 总览数据概况
- 判断数据缺失和异常
- 了解预测值的分布
- 特征分为类别特征和数字特征，并对类别特征查看unique分布
- 数字特征分析
- 类别特征分析
- 用pandas_profiling生成数据报告
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