Pytorch 中的学习率调整方法
Pytorch中的学习率调整有两种方式:
- 直接修改optimizer中的lr参数;
- 利用lr_scheduler()提供的几种衰减函数
1. 修改optimizer中的lr:
import torch
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
%matplotlib inline
from torch.optim import *
import torch.nn as nn
class net(nn.Module):
def __init__(self):
super(net,self).__init__()
self.fc = nn.Linear(1,10)
def forward(self,x):
return self.fc(x)
model = net()
LR = 0.01
optimizer = Adam(model.parameters(),lr = LR)
lr_list = []
for epoch in range(100):
if epoch % 5 == 0:
for p in optimizer.param_groups:
p['lr'] *= 0.9
lr_list.append(optimizer.state_dict()['param_groups'][0]['lr'])
plt.plot(range(100),lr_list,color = 'r')
手动阶梯式衰减
2. lr_scheduler
2.1 torch.optim.lr_scheduler.LambdaLR(optimizer, lr_lambda, last_epoch=-1)
lr_lambda 会接收到一个int参数:epoch,然后根据epoch计算出对应的lr。如果设置多个lambda函数的话,会分别作用于Optimizer中的不同的params_group
import numpy as np
lr_list = []
model = net()
LR = 0.01
optimizer = Adam(model.parameters(),lr = LR)
lambda1 = lambda epoch:np.sin(epoch) / epoch
scheduler = lr_scheduler.LambdaLR(optimizer,lr_lambda = lambda1)
for epoch in range(100):
scheduler.step()
lr_list.append(optimizer.state_dict()['param_groups'][0]['lr'])
plt.plot(range(100),lr_list,color = 'r')
lambda自定义衰减
2.2 torch.optim.lr_scheduler.StepLR(optimizer, step_size, gamma=0.1, last_epoch=-1)
每个一定的epoch,lr会自动乘以gamma
lr_list = []
model = net()
LR = 0.01
optimizer = Adam(model.parameters(),lr = LR)
scheduler = lr_scheduler.StepLR(optimizer,step_size=5,gamma = 0.8)
for epoch in range(100):
scheduler.step()
lr_list.append(optimizer.state_dict()['param_groups'][0]['lr'])
plt.plot(range(100),lr_list,color = 'r')
StepLR阶梯式衰减
2.3 torch.optim.lr_scheduler.MultiStepLR(optimizer, milestones, gamma=0.1, last_epoch=-1)
三段式lr,epoch进入milestones范围内即乘以gamma,离开milestones范围之后再乘以gamma
这种衰减方式也是在学术论文中最常见的方式,一般手动调整也会采用这种方法。
lr_list = []
model = net()
LR = 0.01
optimizer = Adam(model.parameters(),lr = LR)
scheduler = lr_scheduler.MultiStepLR(optimizer,milestones=[20,80],gamma = 0.9)
for epoch in range(100):
scheduler.step()
lr_list.append(optimizer.state_dict()['param_groups'][0]['lr'])
plt.plot(range(100),lr_list,color = 'r')
三段式衰减
2.4 torch.optim.lr_scheduler.ExponentialLR(optimizer, gamma, last_epoch=-1)
每个epoch中lr都乘以gamma
lr_list = []
model = net()
LR = 0.01
optimizer = Adam(model.parameters(),lr = LR)
scheduler = lr_scheduler.ExponentialLR(optimizer, gamma=0.9)
for epoch in range(100):
scheduler.step()
lr_list.append(optimizer.state_dict()['param_groups'][0]['lr'])
plt.plot(range(100),lr_list,color = 'r')
连续衰减
2.5 torch.optim.lr_scheduler.CosineAnnealingLR(optimizer, T_max, eta_min=0, last_epoch=-1)
T_max 对应1/2个cos周期所对应的epoch数值
eta_min 为最小的lr值,默认为0
lr_list = []
model = net()
LR = 0.01
optimizer = Adam(model.parameters(),lr = LR)
scheduler = lr_scheduler.CosineAnnealingLR(optimizer, T_max = 20)
for epoch in range(100):
scheduler.step()
lr_list.append(optimizer.state_dict()['param_groups'][0]['lr'])
plt.plot(range(100),lr_list,color = 'r')
余弦式调整
2.6 torch.optim.lr_scheduler.ReduceLROnPlateau(optimizer, mode='min', factor=0.1, patience=10, verbose=False, threshold=0.0001, threshold_mode='rel', cooldown=0, min_lr=0, eps=1e-08)
在发现loss不再降低或者acc不再提高之后,降低学习率。各参数意义如下:
mode:'min'模式检测metric是否不再减小,'max'模式检测metric是否不再增大;
factor: 触发条件后lr*=factor;
patience:不再减小(或增大)的累计次数;
verbose:触发条件后print;
threshold:只关注超过阈值的显著变化;
threshold_mode:有rel和abs两种阈值计算模式,rel规则:max模式下如果超过best(1+threshold)为显著,min模式下如果低于best(1-threshold)为显著;abs规则:max模式下如果超过best+threshold为显著,min模式下如果低于best-threshold为显著;
cooldown:触发一次条件后,等待一定epoch再进行检测,避免lr下降过速;
min_lr:最小的允许lr;
eps:如果新旧lr之间的差异小与1e-8,则忽略此次更新。