可视化COCO分割标注

COCO的分割物品标注在annotation属性的segmentation属性中，具体格式为一系列表示多边形各个端点的xy坐标。具体为[x1,y1,x2,y2,x3,y3…xn,yn]，即标注的形式是由(x1,y1),(x2,y2),(x3,y3)…(xn,yn)点依次连接起来形成的多边形。
核心代码位于showAnns函数中，主要体会标注是一系列xy坐标端点形成的多边形即可。核心部分代码如下，该部分代码并不可运行。

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(img['width']/100,img['height']/100))
polygons = []
color = []
for ann in anns:
    c = (np.random.random((1, 3)) * 0.6 + 0.4).tolist()[0]
    if 'segmentation' in ann:
        if type(ann['segmentation']) == list:
            # polygon
            for seg in ann['segmentation']:
                poly = np.array(seg).reshape((int(len(seg) / 2), 2))
                # coco图片的坐标原点位于左上，plt的坐标原点位于左下。
                #故需要对图片的Y坐标进行翻转，即图片高度减原Y值得到翻转后的Y值。
                poly[:, 1] = 334 - poly[:, 1]
                polygons.append(Polygon(poly))
                color.append(c)

colors = 100*np.random.rand(len(polygons))
p = PatchCollection(polygons, alpha=0.4)
p.set_array(np.array(colors))
ax.add_collection(p)
fig.colorbar(p, ax=ax)
print(img)

#设置x,y轴坐标
my_x_ticks = np.arange(0, img['width']+1, 50)
my_y_ticks = np.arange(0, img['height']+1,50)
plt.xticks(my_x_ticks)
plt.yticks(my_y_ticks)

plt.show()

详细测试代码如下。完整可运行。

import time as time
import json
import numpy as np
from collections import defaultdict
import itertools
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib.patches import Polygon
from matplotlib.collections import PatchCollection

def _isArrayLike(obj):
    return hasattr(obj, '__iter__') and hasattr(obj, '__len__')
class COCO:
    def __init__(self, annotation_file=None):
        """
        Constructor of Microsoft COCO helper class for reading and visualizing annotations.
        :param annotation_file (str): location of annotation file
        :param image_folder (str): location to the folder that hosts images.
        :return:
        """
        # load dataset
        self.dataset,self.anns,self.cats,self.imgs = dict(),dict(),dict(),dict()
        self.imgToAnns, self.catToImgs = defaultdict(list), defaultdict(list)
        if not annotation_file == None:
            print('loading annotations into memory...')
            tic = time.time()
            dataset = json.load(open(annotation_file, 'r'))
            assert type(dataset)==dict, 'annotation file format {} not supported'.format(type(dataset))
            print('Done (t={:0.2f}s)'.format(time.time()- tic))
            self.dataset = dataset
            self.createIndex()
    def createIndex(self):
        # create index
        print('creating index...')
        anns, cats, imgs = {}, {}, {}
        imgToAnns,catToImgs = defaultdict(list),defaultdict(list)
        if 'annotations' in self.dataset:
            for ann in self.dataset['annotations']:
                imgToAnns[ann['image_id']].append(ann)
                anns[ann['id']] = ann

        if 'images' in self.dataset:
            for img in self.dataset['images']:
                imgs[img['id']] = img

        if 'categories' in self.dataset:
            for cat in self.dataset['categories']:
                cats[cat['id']] = cat

        if 'annotations' in self.dataset and 'categories' in self.dataset:
            for ann in self.dataset['annotations']:
                catToImgs[ann['category_id']].append(ann['image_id'])

        print('index created!')

        # create class members
        self.anns = anns
        self.imgToAnns = imgToAnns
        self.catToImgs = catToImgs
        self.imgs = imgs
        self.cats = cats
    def getCatIds(self, catNms=[], supNms=[], catIds=[]):
        """
        filtering parameters. default skips that filter.
        :param catNms (str array)  : get cats for given cat names
        :param supNms (str array)  : get cats for given supercategory names
        :param catIds (int array)  : get cats for given cat ids
        :return: ids (int array)   : integer array of cat ids
        """
        catNms = catNms if _isArrayLike(catNms) else [catNms]
        supNms = supNms if _isArrayLike(supNms) else [supNms]
        catIds = catIds if _isArrayLike(catIds) else [catIds]

        if len(catNms) == len(supNms) == len(catIds) == 0:
            print('进入if,不进行筛选时默认获取全部的cats')
            cats = self.dataset['categories']
        else:
            print('进入else，根据筛选条件对cats进行筛选')
            cats = self.dataset['categories']
            cats = cats if len(catNms) == 0 else [cat for cat in cats if cat['name'] in catNms]
            cats = cats if len(supNms) == 0 else [cat for cat in cats if cat['supercategory'] in supNms]
            cats = cats if len(catIds) == 0 else [cat for cat in cats if cat['id'] in catIds]
        print(cats)
        ids = [cat['id'] for cat in cats]
        return ids
    def loadCats(self, ids=[]):
        """
        Load cats with the specified ids.
        :param ids (int array)       : integer ids specifying cats
        :return: cats (object array) : loaded cat objects
        """
        if _isArrayLike(ids):
            return [self.cats[id] for id in ids]
        elif type(ids) == int:
            return [self.cats[ids]]
    def getImgIds(self, imgIds=[], catIds=[]):
        '''
        Get img ids that satisfy given filter conditions.
        :param imgIds (int array) : get imgs for given ids
        :param catIds (int array) : get imgs with all given cats
        :return: ids (int array)  : integer array of img ids
        '''
        imgIds = imgIds if _isArrayLike(imgIds) else [imgIds]
        catIds = catIds if _isArrayLike(catIds) else [catIds]

        if len(imgIds) == len(catIds) == 0:
            ids = self.imgs.keys()
        else:
            ids = set(imgIds)
            for i, catId in enumerate(catIds):
                if i == 0 and len(ids) == 0:
                    ids = set(self.catToImgs[catId])
                else:
                    ids &= set(self.catToImgs[catId])
        return list(ids)
    def loadImgs(self, ids=[]):
        """
        Load anns with the specified ids.
        :param ids (int array)       : integer ids specifying img
        :return: imgs (object array) : loaded img objects
        """
        if _isArrayLike(ids):
            return [self.imgs[id] for id in ids]
        elif type(ids) == int:
            return [self.imgs[ids]]
    def getAnnIds(self, imgIds=[], catIds=[], areaRng=[], iscrowd=None):
        """
        Get ann ids that satisfy given filter conditions. default skips that filter
        :param imgIds  (int array)     : get anns for given imgs
               catIds  (int array)     : get anns for given cats
               areaRng (float array)   : get anns for given area range (e.g. [0 inf])
               iscrowd (boolean)       : get anns for given crowd label (False or True)
        :return: ids (int array)       : integer array of ann ids
        """
        imgIds = imgIds if _isArrayLike(imgIds) else [imgIds]
        catIds = catIds if _isArrayLike(catIds) else [catIds]

        if len(imgIds) == len(catIds) == len(areaRng) == 0:
            anns = self.dataset['annotations']
        else:
            #根据imgIds找到所有的ann
            if not len(imgIds) == 0:
                lists = [self.imgToAnns[imgId] for imgId in imgIds if imgId in self.imgToAnns]
                anns = list(itertools.chain.from_iterable(lists))
                print('共有{}个anns.'.format(len(anns)))
                for ann in anns:
                    print(ann)
            else:
                anns = self.dataset['annotations']
            #通过各类条件如catIds对anns进行筛选
            anns = anns if len(catIds)  == 0 else [ann for ann in anns if ann['category_id'] in catIds]
            anns = anns if len(areaRng) == 0 else [ann for ann in anns if ann['area'] > areaRng[0] and ann['area'] < areaRng[1]]
        if not iscrowd == None:
            ids = [ann['id'] for ann in anns if ann['iscrowd'] == iscrowd]
        else:

            ids = [ann['id'] for ann in anns]
            print(' ')
            print('共有{}个ids.'.format(len(ids)))
            print('进入else因为is_crowd为None')
        return ids
    def loadAnns(self, ids=[]):
        """
        Load anns with the specified ids.
        :param ids (int array)       : integer ids specifying anns
        :return: anns (object array) : loaded ann objects
        """
        if _isArrayLike(ids):
            return [self.anns[id] for id in ids]
        elif type(ids) == int:
            return [self.anns[ids]]
    def showAnns(self, anns):
        """
        Display the specified annotations.
        :param anns (array of object): annotations to display
        :return: None
        """
        if len(anns) == 0:
            return 0
        if 'segmentation' in anns[0] or 'keypoints' in anns[0]:
            datasetType = 'instances'
        elif 'caption' in anns[0]:
            datasetType = 'captions'
        else:
            raise Exception('datasetType not supported')
        if datasetType == 'instances':
            ax = plt.gca()
            ax.set_autoscale_on(False)
            polygons = []
            color = []
            for ann in anns:
                c = (np.random.random((1, 3))*0.6+0.4).tolist()[0]
                if 'segmentation' in ann:
                    if type(ann['segmentation']) == list:
                        # polygon
                        for seg in ann['segmentation']:
                            poly = np.array(seg).reshape((int(len(seg)/2), 2))
                            polygons.append(Polygon(poly))
                            color.append(c)
                    else:
                        # mask
                        t = self.imgs[ann['image_id']]
                        if type(ann['segmentation']['counts']) == list:
                            rle = maskUtils.frPyObjects([ann['segmentation']], t['height'], t['width'])
                        else:
                            rle = [ann['segmentation']]
                        m = maskUtils.decode(rle)
                        img = np.ones( (m.shape[0], m.shape[1], 3) )
                        if ann['iscrowd'] == 1:
                            color_mask = np.array([2.0,166.0,101.0])/255
                        if ann['iscrowd'] == 0:
                            color_mask = np.random.random((1, 3)).tolist()[0]
                        for i in range(3):
                            img[:,:,i] = color_mask[i]
                        ax.imshow(np.dstack( (img, m*0.5) ))
                if 'keypoints' in ann and type(ann['keypoints']) == list:
                    # turn skeleton into zero-based index
                    sks = np.array(self.loadCats(ann['category_id'])[0]['skeleton'])-1
                    kp = np.array(ann['keypoints'])
                    x = kp[0::3]
                    y = kp[1::3]
                    v = kp[2::3]
                    for sk in sks:
                        if np.all(v[sk]>0):
                            plt.plot(x[sk],y[sk], linewidth=3, color=c)
                    plt.plot(x[v>0], y[v>0],'o',markersize=8, markerfacecolor=c, markeredgecolor='k',markeredgewidth=2)
                    plt.plot(x[v>1], y[v>1],'o',markersize=8, markerfacecolor=c, markeredgecolor=c, markeredgewidth=2)
            p = PatchCollection(polygons, facecolor=color, linewidths=0, alpha=0.4)
            ax.add_collection(p)
            p = PatchCollection(polygons, facecolor='none', edgecolors=color, linewidths=2)
            ax.add_collection(p)
        elif datasetType == 'captions':
            for ann in anns:
                print(ann['caption'])

dataDir = '../..'
dataType = 'val2017'
annDir = '{}/annotations'.format(dataDir)
annFile = '{}/instances_{}.json'.format(annDir, dataType)
coco = COCO(annFile)

catIds = coco.getCatIds(catNms=['person','dog','skateboard'])
print('catIds')
print(catIds)
imgIds = coco.getImgIds(catIds=catIds )
print('imgIds')
print(imgIds)
imgIds = coco.getImgIds(imgIds = [324158])
print('imgIds')
print(imgIds)
img = coco.loadImgs(imgIds[np.random.randint(0,len(imgIds))])[0]
print('img')
print(img)
print(img['id'])

annIds = coco.getAnnIds(imgIds=img['id'], catIds=catIds, iscrowd=None)
print('annIds')
print(annIds)
anns = coco.loadAnns(annIds)
# for ann in anns:
#     print(ann)
# coco.showAnns(anns)

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(img['width']/100,img['height']/100))
polygons = []
color = []
for ann in anns:
    c = (np.random.random((1, 3)) * 0.6 + 0.4).tolist()[0]
    if 'segmentation' in ann:
        if type(ann['segmentation']) == list:
            # polygon
            for seg in ann['segmentation']:
                poly = np.array(seg).reshape((int(len(seg) / 2), 2))
                # coco图片的坐标原点位于左上，plt的坐标原点位于左下。
                #故需要对图片的Y坐标进行翻转，即图片高度减原Y值得到翻转后的Y值。
                poly[:, 1] = 334 - poly[:, 1]
                polygons.append(Polygon(poly))
                color.append(c)

colors = 100*np.random.rand(len(polygons))
p = PatchCollection(polygons, alpha=0.4)
p.set_array(np.array(colors))
ax.add_collection(p)
fig.colorbar(p, ax=ax)
print(img)

#设置x,y轴坐标
my_x_ticks = np.arange(0, img['width']+1, 50)
my_y_ticks = np.arange(0, img['height']+1,50)
plt.xticks(my_x_ticks)
plt.yticks(my_y_ticks)

plt.show()

原图如下

对应的多边形显示的标注如下