【OpenCv】三天学会C++/OPENCV2基本操作之直方图

一个图像是由不同颜色值的像素组成的，像素值的分布是图像的重要特征，通过直方图可以描述图像的内容，检测特定对象和纹理，也可以修改图像的外观。

直方图是一个简单的表，它给出了一幅图像或一组图像中拥有给定数值的像素数量。灰度图像的直方图有256个条目（容器）。0号容器是值为0的像素个数。直方图也可以归一化，每一项则表示所占的比例。

#include "stdafx.h"
#include <opencv2/opencv.hpp>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
 using namespace cv;
class Histogram
{
        private:
                int histSize[1];//number of bins
                float hranges[2];//min and max pixel value
                const float* ranges[1];
                int channels[1];//only 1 channel used here
        public:
                Histogram()
                {
                        //Prepare arguments for 1D histogram
                        histSize[0] = 256;
                        hranges[0] = 0.0;
                        hranges[1] = 255.0;
                        ranges[0] = hranges;
                        channels[0] = 0;//by default , we look at channel 0
                }
                cv::MatND getHistogram(const cv::Mat &image)
                {
                        cv::MatND hist;
 
                        //Compute histogram
                        cv::calcHist(&image,
                                        1,
                                        channels,
                                        cv::Mat(),
                                        hist,
                                        1,
                                        histSize,
                                        ranges
                                        );
                     return hist;
                }
                //Compute the 1D histogram and returns an image of it
                cv::Mat getHistogramImage(const cv::Mat &image)
                {
                        //compute histogram first
                        cv::MatND hist = getHistogram(image);
 
                        //Get min and max bin values
                        double maxVal = 0;
                        double minVal = 0;
                        cv::minMaxLoc(hist,&minVal,&maxVal);
 
                        //Image on which to display histogram
                        cv::Mat histImg(histSize[0],histSize[0],CV_8U,cv::Scalar(255));
 
                        //set highest point at 90% of nbins
                        int hpt = static_cast<int>(0.9*histSize[0]);
 
                        //Draw a vertical line for each bin
                        for( int h = 0;h<histSize[0];h++)
                        {
                                float binVal = hist.at<float>(h);
                                int intensity = static_cast< int >(binVal * hpt
                                                                   / maxVal);
 
                                //This function draw a line between 2 points
                                cv::line(histImg,cv::Point(h,histSize[0]),
                                                        cv::Point(h,histSize[0] - intensity),
                                                        cv::Scalar::all(0));
                        }
                        return histImg;
                }
};
 
 
int main()
{
        //Read input image
        cv::Mat image = cv::imread("imL.png",0);
        //the histogram object
        Histogram h;
        cv::namedWindow("Histogram");
        cv::imshow("Histogram",h.getHistogramImage(image));
        cv::waitKey(0);
        return 0;
}

效果:

扩展（附上三通道直方图，返回的是3x256的Mat值）

class Histogram
{
               private:
                int histSize[3];
                float hranges[2];
                const float* ranges[3];
                int channels[3];
        public:
                Histogram()
                {
                        
                        histSize[0] = 256;histSize[1] = 256;histSize[2] = 256;
                        hranges[0] = 0.0;
                        hranges[1] = 255.0;
                        ranges[0] = hranges;ranges[1] =hranges;
                        ranges[2] =hranges;
                        channels[0] = 0;channels[1] = 1;channels[2] = 2;
                }
                cv::MatND getHistogram(const cv::Mat &image)
                {
                        cv::MatND hist;
 
                        
                        cv::calcHist(&image,
                                        1,
                                        channels,
                                        cv::Mat(),
                                        hist,
                                        3,
                                        histSize,
                                        ranges
                                        );
                     return hist;
                }

};