形态学滤波可以用于检测图像中的特征,如边缘和角点,Opencv中利用形态学检测角点必须使用结构元素,自己需要定义一些结构元素如菱形、方形、十字形等。
实例:
#include "stdafx.h"
#include "ColorHistogram.h"
#include "ObjectFinder.h"
#include <opencv2\core\core.hpp>
#include<opencv2\highgui\highgui.hpp>
#include <opencv2\imgproc\imgproc.hpp>
#include <opencv2\video\video.hpp>
#include<opencv2/opencv.hpp>
using namespace cv;
using namespace std;
class MorphoFeatures{
private:
//用于生成二值图像的阈值
int threshold;
//角点检测用到的结构元素
Mat cross;
Mat diamond;
Mat square;
Mat x;
public:
//检测角点
//opencv没有直接实现它,需要定义四种不同的结构元素,
//包括:菱形,方形,十字形,x形。并在构造函数中完成
MorphoFeatures() :threshold(-1),
cross(5, 5, CV_8U, Scalar(0)),
diamond(5, 5, CV_8U, Scalar(1)),
square(5, 5, CV_8U, Scalar(1)),
x(5, 5, CV_8U, Scalar(0)){
//创建十字形元素
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
{
cross.at<uchar>(2, i) = 1;
cross.at<uchar>(i, 2) = 1;
}
//创建菱形
diamond.at<uchar>(0, 0) = 0;
diamond.at<uchar>(0, 1) = 0;
diamond.at<uchar>(1, 0) = 0;
diamond.at<uchar>(4, 4) = 0;
diamond.at<uchar>(3, 4) = 0;
diamond.at<uchar>(4, 3) = 0;
diamond.at<uchar>(4, 0) = 0;
diamond.at<uchar>(4, 1) = 0;
diamond.at<uchar>(3, 0) = 0;
diamond.at<uchar>(0, 4) = 0;
diamond.at<uchar>(0, 3) = 0;
diamond.at<uchar>(1, 4) = 0;
//创建x形
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
{
x.at<char>(i, i) = 1;
x.at<char>(4 - i, i) = 1;
}
}
Mat getEdges(const Mat &image)
{
//得到梯度图
Mat result;
//morphology函数配上合适的滤波器就可以实现直线检测
morphologyEx(image, result, MORPH_GRADIENT, Mat());
applyThreshold(result);
return result;
}
void setThreshold(int t)
{
threshold = t;
}
void applyThreshold(Mat & result)
{
if (threshold > 0)
cv::threshold(result, result, threshold, 255, THRESH_BINARY);
}
//需要连接使用这些结构元素,得到最终的角点映射图
Mat getCorners(const Mat&image)
{
Mat result;
//十字形膨胀
dilate(image, result, cross);
//菱形腐蚀
erode(result, result, diamond);
Mat result2;
//x形膨胀
dilate(image, result2, x);
//方形腐蚀
erode(result2, result2, square);
//通过对两张图像做差值,得到角点图像
absdiff(result2, result, result);
//阈值化得到二值图像
applyThreshold(result);
return result;
}
//为了可视化,在在二值图像中每个监测点绘制一个圆
void drawOnImage(const Mat & binary, Mat & image)
{
Mat_<uchar>::const_iterator it = binary.begin<uchar>();
Mat_<uchar>::const_iterator itend = binary.end<uchar>();
//遍历每个像素
for (int i = 0; it != itend; ++i, ++it)
{
if (!*it)
circle(image, Point(i%image.step, i / image.step), 5, Scalar(0, 255, 0));
}
}
};
int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
//边缘检测
Mat image = imread("imL.png", 0);
Mat image1 = imread("imL.png");
//imshow("d", image);
if (!image.data)
return -1;
MorphoFeatures morpho;
morpho.setThreshold(40);
Mat edges;
edges = morpho.getEdges(image);
imshow("edges", edges);
//角点检测
morpho.setThreshold(-1);
Mat corners;
corners = morpho.getCorners(image);
morphologyEx(corners, corners, MORPH_TOPHAT, Mat());
threshold(corners, corners, 40, 255, THRESH_BINARY_INV);
//imshow("角点",corners);
//展示图片上的角点
morpho.drawOnImage(corners, image);
imshow("corners", image);
waitKey(0);
return 0;
}
效果如下:
挑选的这些元素可以保证连续的边缘不受改变,但是由于它们的重复效应,角点的边缘仍受影响,感兴趣可以重点学习一下形态学滤波相关内容,这里只做入门学习。