在Linux内核文件include/linux/fs.h
中有个叫做file_operations
的结构体,此结构体就是Linux字符设备操作函数集合,内容如下所示:
struct file_operations {
struct module *owner;
loff_t (*llseek) (struct file *, loff_t, int);
ssize_t (*read) (struct file *, char __user *, size_t, loff_t *);
ssize_t (*write) (struct file *, const char __user *, size_t, loff_t *);
ssize_t (*read_iter) (struct kiocb *, struct iov_iter *);
ssize_t (*write_iter) (struct kiocb *, struct iov_iter *);
int (*iterate) (struct file *, struct dir_context *);
int (*iterate_shared) (struct file *, struct dir_context *);
unsigned int (*poll) (struct file *, struct poll_table_struct *);
long (*unlocked_ioctl) (struct file *, unsigned int, unsigned long);
long (*compat_ioctl) (struct file *, unsigned int, unsigned long);
int (*mmap) (struct file *, struct vm_area_struct *);
int (*open) (struct inode *, struct file *);
int (*flush) (struct file *, fl_owner_t id);
int (*release) (struct inode *, struct file *);
int (*fsync) (struct file *, loff_t, loff_t, int datasync);
int (*fasync) (int, struct file *, int);
int (*lock) (struct file *, int, struct file_lock *);
ssize_t (*sendpage) (struct file *, struct page *, int, size_t, loff_t *, int);
unsigned long (*get_unmapped_area)(struct file *, unsigned long, unsigned long, unsigned long, unsigned long);
int (*check_flags)(int);
int (*flock) (struct file *, int, struct file_lock *);
ssize_t (*splice_write)(struct pipe_inode_info *, struct file *, loff_t *, size_t, unsigned int);
ssize_t (*splice_read)(struct file *, loff_t *, struct pipe_inode_info *, size_t, unsigned int);
int (*setlease)(struct file *, long, struct file_lock **, void **);
long (*fallocate)(struct file *file, int mode, loff_t offset, loff_t len);
void (*show_fdinfo)(struct seq_file *m, struct file *f);
#ifndef CONFIG_MMU
unsigned (*mmap_capabilities)(struct file *);
#endif
ssize_t (*copy_file_range)(struct file *, loff_t, struct file *, loff_t, size_t, unsigned int);
int (*clone_file_range)(struct file *, loff_t, struct file *, loff_t, u64);
ssize_t (*dedupe_file_range)(struct file *, u64, u64, struct file *, u64);
} __randomize_layout;
简单介绍一下file_operation
结构体中比较重要的、常用的函数:
owner
拥有该结构体的模块的指针,一般设置为THIS_MODULE
;llseek
函数用于修改文件当前的读写位置;read
函数用于读取设备文件;write
函数用于向设备文件写入(发送)数据;poll
是个轮询函数,用于查询设备是否可以进行非阻塞的读写;unlocked_ioctl
函数提供对于设备的控制功能,与应用程序中的ioctl
函数对应;compat_ioctl
函数与unlocked_ioctl
函数功能一样,区别在于在64位系统上,32位的应用程序调用将会使用此函数。在32位的系统上运行32位的应用程序调用的是unlocked_ioctl
;mmap
函数用于将设备的内存映射到进程空间中(也就是用户空间),一般帧缓冲设备会使用此函数,比如LCD驱动的显存,将帧缓冲(LCD显存)映射到用户空间中以后应用程序就可以直接操作显存了,这样就不用在用户空间和内核空间之间来回复制;open
函数用于打开设备文件;release
函数用于释放(关闭)设备文件,与应用程序中的close
函数对应;fsync
函数用于刷新待处理的数据,用于将缓冲区中的数据刷新到磁盘中;fasync
函数与fsync
函数的功能类似,只是fasync
是异步刷新待处理的数据。
我们在设备驱动开发中最主要的工作就是实现上面这些函数。