Android反射机制:
什么是反射机制？
JAVA反射机制是在运行状态中，对于任意一个类，都能够知道这个类的所有属性和方法；对于任意一个对象，都能够调用它的任意一个方法和属性；这种动态获取的信息以及动态调用对象的方法的功能称为java语言的反射机制（注意关键词：运行状态）换句话说，Java程序可以加载一个运行时才得知名称的class，获悉其完整构造（但不包括methods定义），并生成其对象实体、或对其fields设值、或唤起其methods
反射机制主要提供的功能
- 在运行时判断任意一个对象所属的类；
- 在运行时构造任意一个类的对象；
- 在运行时判断任意一个类所具有的成员变量和方法；
- 在运行时调用任意一个对象的方法；
java Reflection API简介
- Class类：代表一个类，位于java.lang包下
- Field类：代表类的成员变量（成员变量也称为类的属性）
- Method类：代表类的方法
- Constructor类：代表类的构造方法
- Array类：提供了动态创建数组，以及访问数组的元素的静态方法
java中的Class介绍
Class 类十分特殊，它没有共有的构造方法，被jvm调用的（简单的理解：new对象或者被类加载器加载的时候），在Java中，每个class都有一个相应的Class对象。也就是说，当我们编写一个类，编译完成后，在生成的.class文件中，就会产生一个Class对象，用于表示这个类的类型信息。
java中的Class三种获取方式
- 利用对象调用getClass()方法获取该对象的Class实例；
- 使用Class类的静态方法forName()，用类的名字获取一个Class实例 ；
- 运用.class的方式来获取Class实例，对于基本数据类型的封装类，还可以采用.TYPE来获取相对应的基本数据类型的Class实例；
说明：在运行期间，如果我们要产生某个类的对象，Java虚拟机(JVM)会检查该类型的Class对象是否已被加载。如果没有被加载，JVM会根据类的名称找到.class文件并加载它。一旦某个类型的Class对象已被加载到内存，就可以用它来产生该类型的所有对象。
-
//方式一 -
Person person = new Person(); -
Class<? extends Person> personClazz01 = person.getClass(); -
//方式二 -
try { -
Class<?> personClazz02 = Class.forName("Person"); -
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) { -
e.printStackTrace(); -
} -
//方式三 -
Class<? extends Person> personClazz03 = Person.class;
|
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java中的Class中一些重要的方法
-
public Annotation[] getAnnotations () 获取这个类中所有注解
-
getClassLoader() 获取加载这个类的类加载器
-
getDeclaredMethods() 获取这个类中的所有方法
-
getReturnType() 获取方法的返回类型
-
getParameterTypes() 获取方法的传入参数类型
-
isAnnotation() 测试这类是否是一个注解类
-
getDeclaredConstructors() 获取所有的构造方法
-
getDeclaredMethod(String name, Class… parameterTypes) 获取指定的构造方法（参数：参数类型.class）
-
getSuperclass() 获取这个类的父类
-
getInterfaces() 获取这个类实现的所有接口
-
getFields() 获取这个类中所有被public修饰的成员变量
-
getField(String name) 获取指定名字的被public修饰的成员变量
-
newInstance() 返回此Class所表示的类，通过调用默认的（即无参数）构造函数创建的一个新实例
等等方法
invokeMethod ：运行方法。
下面是一个反射ReflectionUtils 反射工具类
package com.itep.mt.common.util;
/**
* Created by hx on 2019/7/12.
*/
import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.lang.reflect.Modifier;
import java.lang.reflect.UndeclaredThrowableException;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;
/**
* Simple utility class for working with the reflection API and handling
* reflection exceptions.
*
* <p>Only intended for internal use.
*
* @author Juergen Hoeller
* @author Rob Harrop
* @author Rod Johnson
* @author Costin Leau
* @author Sam Brannen
* @author Chris Beams
* @since 1.2.2
*/
public abstract class ReflectionUtils {
/**
* Pattern for detecting CGLIB-renamed methods.
* @see #isCglibRenamedMethod
*/
private static final Pattern CGLIB_RENAMED_METHOD_PATTERN = Pattern.compile("CGLIB\\$(.+)\\$\\d+");
/**
* Attempt to find a {@link Field field} on the supplied {@link Class} with the
* supplied {@code name}. Searches all superclasses up to {@link Object}.
* @param clazz the class to introspect
* @param name the name of the field
* @return the corresponding Field object, or {@code null} if not found
*/
public static Field findField(Class<?> clazz, String name) {
return findField(clazz, name, null);
}
/**
* Attempt to find a {@link Field field} on the supplied {@link Class} with the
* supplied {@code name} and/or {@link Class type}. Searches all superclasses
* up to {@link Object}.
* @param clazz the class to introspect
* @param name the name of the field (may be {@code null} if type is specified)
* @param type the type of the field (may be {@code null} if name is specified)
* @return the corresponding Field object, or {@code null} if not found
*/
public static Field findField(Class<?> clazz, String name, Class<?> type) {
//Assert.notNull(clazz, "Class must not be null");
//Assert.isTrue(name != null || type != null, "Either name or type of the field must be specified");
Class<?> searchType = clazz;
while (!Object.class.equals(searchType) && searchType != null) {
Field[] fields = searchType.getDeclaredFields();
for (Field field : fields) {
if ((name == null || name.equals(field.getName())) && (type == null || type.equals(field.getType()))) {
return field;
}
}
searchType = searchType.getSuperclass();
}
return null;
}
/**
* Set the field represented by the supplied {@link Field field object} on the
* specified {@link Object target object} to the specified {@code value}.
* In accordance with {@link Field#set(Object, Object)} semantics, the new value
* is automatically unwrapped if the underlying field has a primitive type.
* <p>Thrown exceptions are handled via a call to {@link #handleReflectionException(Exception)}.
* @param field the field to set
* @param target the target object on which to set the field
* @param value the value to set; may be {@code null}
*/
public static void setField(Field field, Object target, Object value) {
try {
field.set(target, value);
}
catch (IllegalAccessException ex) {
handleReflectionException(ex);
throw new IllegalStateException(
"Unexpected reflection exception - " + ex.getClass().getName() + ": " + ex.getMessage());
}
}
/**
* Get the field represented by the supplied {@link Field field object} on the
* specified {@link Object target object}. In accordance with {@link Field#get(Object)}
* semantics, the returned value is automatically wrapped if the underlying field
* has a primitive type.
* <p>Thrown exceptions are handled via a call to {@link #handleReflectionException(Exception)}.
* @param field the field to get
* @param target the target object from which to get the field
* @return the field's current value
*/
public static Object getField(Field field, Object target) {
try {
return field.get(target);
}
catch (IllegalAccessException ex) {
handleReflectionException(ex);
throw new IllegalStateException(
"Unexpected reflection exception - " + ex.getClass().getName() + ": " + ex.getMessage());
}
}
/**
* Attempt to find a {@link Method} on the supplied class with the supplied name
* and no parameters. Searches all superclasses up to {@code Object}.
* <p>Returns {@code null} if no {@link Method} can be found.
* @param clazz the class to introspect
* @param name the name of the method
* @return the Method object, or {@code null} if none found
*/
public static Method findMethod(Class<?> clazz, String name) {
return findMethod(clazz, name, new Class<?>[0]);
}
/**
* Attempt to find a {@link Method} on the supplied class with the supplied name
* and parameter types. Searches all superclasses up to {@code Object}.
* <p>Returns {@code null} if no {@link Method} can be found.
* @param clazz the class to introspect
* @param name the name of the method
* @param paramTypes the parameter types of the method
* (may be {@code null} to indicate any signature)
* @return the Method object, or {@code null} if none found
*/
public static Method findMethod(Class<?> clazz, String name, Class<?>... paramTypes) {
//Assert.notNull(clazz, "Class must not be null");
//Assert.notNull(name, "Method name must not be null");
Class<?> searchType = clazz;
while (searchType != null) {
Method[] methods = (searchType.isInterface() ? searchType.getMethods() : searchType.getDeclaredMethods());
for (Method method : methods)
if (name.equals(method.getName()) &&
(paramTypes == null || Arrays.equals(paramTypes, method.getParameterTypes()))) {
return method;
}
searchType = searchType.getSuperclass();
}
return null;
}
/**
* Invoke the specified {@link Method} against the supplied target object with no arguments.
* The target object can be {@code null} when invoking a static {@link Method}.
* <p>Thrown exceptions are handled via a call to {@link #handleReflectionException}.
* @param method the method to invoke
* @param target the target object to invoke the method on
* @return the invocation result, if any
* @see #invokeMethod(Method, Object, Object[])
*/
public static Object invokeMethod(Method method, Object target) {
return invokeMethod(method, target, new Object[0]);
}
/**
* Invoke the specified {@link Method} against the supplied target object with the
* supplied arguments. The target object can be {@code null} when invoking a
* static {@link Method}.
* <p>Thrown exceptions are handled via a call to {@link #handleReflectionException}.
* @param method the method to invoke
* @param target the target object to invoke the method on
* @param args the invocation arguments (may be {@code null})
* @return the invocation result, if any
*/
public static Object invokeMethod(Method method, Object target, Object... args) {
try {
return method.invoke(target, args);
}
catch (Exception ex) {
handleReflectionException(ex);
}
throw new IllegalStateException("Should never get here");
}
/**
* Invoke the specified JDBC API {@link Method} against the supplied target
* object with no arguments.
* @param method the method to invoke
* @param target the target object to invoke the method on
* @return the invocation result, if any
* @throws SQLException the JDBC API SQLException to rethrow (if any)
* @see #invokeJdbcMethod(Method, Object, Object[])
*/
public static Object invokeJdbcMethod(Method method, Object target) throws SQLException {
return invokeJdbcMethod(method, target, new Object[0]);
}
/**
* Invoke the specified JDBC API {@link Method} against the supplied target
* object with the supplied arguments.
* @param method the method to invoke
* @param target the target object to invoke the method on
* @param args the invocation arguments (may be {@code null})
* @return the invocation result, if any
* @throws SQLException the JDBC API SQLException to rethrow (if any)
* @see #invokeMethod(Method, Object, Object[])
*/
public static Object invokeJdbcMethod(Method method, Object target, Object... args) throws SQLException {
try {
return method.invoke(target, args);
}
catch (IllegalAccessException ex) {
handleReflectionException(ex);
}
catch (InvocationTargetException ex) {
if (ex.getTargetException() instanceof SQLException) {
throw (SQLException) ex.getTargetException();
}
handleInvocationTargetException(ex);
}
throw new IllegalStateException("Should never get here");
}
/**
* Handle the given reflection exception. Should only be called if no
* checked exception is expected to be thrown by the target method.
* <p>Throws the underlying RuntimeException or Error in case of an
* InvocationTargetException with such a root cause. Throws an
* IllegalStateException with an appropriate message else.
* @param ex the reflection exception to handle
*/
public static void handleReflectionException(Exception ex) {
if (ex instanceof NoSuchMethodException) {
throw new IllegalStateException("Method not found: " + ex.getMessage());
}
if (ex instanceof IllegalAccessException) {
throw new IllegalStateException("Could not access method: " + ex.getMessage());
}
if (ex instanceof InvocationTargetException) {
handleInvocationTargetException((InvocationTargetException) ex);
}
if (ex instanceof RuntimeException) {
throw (RuntimeException) ex;
}
throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(ex);
}
/**
* Handle the given invocation target exception. Should only be called if no
* checked exception is expected to be thrown by the target method.
* <p>Throws the underlying RuntimeException or Error in case of such a root
* cause. Throws an IllegalStateException else.
* @param ex the invocation target exception to handle
*/
public static void handleInvocationTargetException(InvocationTargetException ex) {
rethrowRuntimeException(ex.getTargetException());
}
/**
* Rethrow the given {@link Throwable exception}, which is presumably the
* <em>target exception</em> of an {@link InvocationTargetException}. Should
* only be called if no checked exception is expected to be thrown by the
* target method.
* <p>Rethrows the underlying exception cast to an {@link RuntimeException} or
* {@link Error} if appropriate; otherwise, throws an
* {@link IllegalStateException}.
* @param ex the exception to rethrow
* @throws RuntimeException the rethrown exception
*/
public static void rethrowRuntimeException(Throwable ex) {
if (ex instanceof RuntimeException) {
throw (RuntimeException) ex;
}
if (ex instanceof Error) {
throw (Error) ex;
}
throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(ex);
}
/**
* Rethrow the given {@link Throwable exception}, which is presumably the
* <em>target exception</em> of an {@link InvocationTargetException}. Should
* only be called if no checked exception is expected to be thrown by the
* target method.
* <p>Rethrows the underlying exception cast to an {@link Exception} or
* {@link Error} if appropriate; otherwise, throws an
* {@link IllegalStateException}.
* @param ex the exception to rethrow
* @throws Exception the rethrown exception (in case of a checked exception)
*/
public static void rethrowException(Throwable ex) throws Exception {
if (ex instanceof Exception) {
throw (Exception) ex;
}
if (ex instanceof Error) {
throw (Error) ex;
}
throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(ex);
}
/**
* Determine whether the given method explicitly declares the given
* exception or one of its superclasses, which means that an exception of
* that type can be propagated as-is within a reflective invocation.
* @param method the declaring method
* @param exceptionType the exception to throw
* @return {@code true} if the exception can be thrown as-is;
* {@code false} if it needs to be wrapped
*/
public static boolean declaresException(Method method, Class<?> exceptionType) {
//Assert.notNull(method, "Method must not be null");
Class<?>[] declaredExceptions = method.getExceptionTypes();
for (Class<?> declaredException : declaredExceptions) {
if (declaredException.isAssignableFrom(exceptionType)) {
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
/**
* Determine whether the given field is a "public static final" constant.
* @param field the field to check
*/
public static boolean isPublicStaticFinal(Field field) {
int modifiers = field.getModifiers();
return (Modifier.isPublic(modifiers) && Modifier.isStatic(modifiers) && Modifier.isFinal(modifiers));
}
/**
* Determine whether the given method is an "equals" method.
* @see Object#equals(Object)
*/
public static boolean isEqualsMethod(Method method) {
if (method == null || !method.getName().equals("equals")) {
return false;
}
Class<?>[] paramTypes = method.getParameterTypes();
return (paramTypes.length == 1 && paramTypes[0] == Object.class);
}
/**
* Determine whether the given method is a "hashCode" method.
* @see Object#hashCode()
*/
public static boolean isHashCodeMethod(Method method) {
return (method != null && method.getName().equals("hashCode") && method.getParameterTypes().length == 0);
}
/**
* Determine whether the given method is a "toString" method.
* @see Object#toString()
*/
public static boolean isToStringMethod(Method method) {
return (method != null && method.getName().equals("toString") && method.getParameterTypes().length == 0);
}
/**
* Determine whether the given method is originally declared by {@link Object}.
*/
public static boolean isObjectMethod(Method method) {
if (method == null) {
return false;
}
try {
Object.class.getDeclaredMethod(method.getName(), method.getParameterTypes());
return true;
}
catch (Exception ex) {
return false;
}
}
/**
* Determine whether the given method is a CGLIB 'renamed' method,
* following the pattern "CGLIB$methodName$0".
* @param renamedMethod the method to check
* @see //org.springframework.cglib.proxy.Enhancer#rename
*/
public static boolean isCglibRenamedMethod(Method renamedMethod) {
return CGLIB_RENAMED_METHOD_PATTERN.matcher(renamedMethod.getName()).matches();
}
/**
* Make the given field accessible, explicitly setting it accessible if
* necessary. The {@code setAccessible(true)} method is only called
* when actually necessary, to avoid unnecessary conflicts with a JVM
* SecurityManager (if active).
* @param field the field to make accessible
* @see Field#setAccessible
*/
public static void makeAccessible(Field field) {
if ((!Modifier.isPublic(field.getModifiers()) || !Modifier.isPublic(field.getDeclaringClass().getModifiers()) ||
Modifier.isFinal(field.getModifiers())) && !field.isAccessible()) {
field.setAccessible(true);
}
}
/**
* Make the given method accessible, explicitly setting it accessible if
* necessary. The {@code setAccessible(true)} method is only called
* when actually necessary, to avoid unnecessary conflicts with a JVM
* SecurityManager (if active).
* @param method the method to make accessible
* @see Method#setAccessible
*/
public static void makeAccessible(Method method) {
if ((!Modifier.isPublic(method.getModifiers()) || !Modifier.isPublic(method.getDeclaringClass().getModifiers()))
&& !method.isAccessible()) {
method.setAccessible(true);
}
}
/**
* Make the given constructor accessible, explicitly setting it accessible
* if necessary. The {@code setAccessible(true)} method is only called
* when actually necessary, to avoid unnecessary conflicts with a JVM
* SecurityManager (if active).
* @param ctor the constructor to make accessible
* @see Constructor#setAccessible
*/
public static void makeAccessible(Constructor<?> ctor) {
if ((!Modifier.isPublic(ctor.getModifiers()) || !Modifier.isPublic(ctor.getDeclaringClass().getModifiers()))
&& !ctor.isAccessible()) {
ctor.setAccessible(true);
}
}
/**
* Perform the given callback operation on all matching methods of the given
* class and superclasses.
* <p>The same named method occurring on subclass and superclass will appear
* twice, unless excluded by a {@link MethodFilter}.
* @param clazz class to start looking at
* @param mc the callback to invoke for each method
* @see #doWithMethods(Class, MethodCallback, MethodFilter)
*/
public static void doWithMethods(Class<?> clazz, MethodCallback mc) throws IllegalArgumentException {
doWithMethods(clazz, mc, null);
}
/**
* Perform the given callback operation on all matching methods of the given
* class and superclasses (or given interface and super-interfaces).
* <p>The same named method occurring on subclass and superclass will appear
* twice, unless excluded by the specified {@link MethodFilter}.
* @param clazz class to start looking at
* @param mc the callback to invoke for each method
* @param mf the filter that determines the methods to apply the callback to
*/
public static void doWithMethods(Class<?> clazz, MethodCallback mc, MethodFilter mf)
throws IllegalArgumentException {
// Keep backing up the inheritance hierarchy.
Method[] methods = clazz.getDeclaredMethods();
for (Method method : methods) {
if (mf != null && !mf.matches(method)) {
continue;
}
try {
mc.doWith(method);
}
catch (IllegalAccessException ex) {
throw new IllegalStateException("Shouldn't be illegal to access method '" + method.getName()
+ "': " + ex);
}
}
if (clazz.getSuperclass() != null) {
doWithMethods(clazz.getSuperclass(), mc, mf);
}
else if (clazz.isInterface()) {
for (Class<?> superIfc : clazz.getInterfaces()) {
doWithMethods(superIfc, mc, mf);
}
}
}
/**
* Get all declared methods on the leaf class and all superclasses. Leaf
* class methods are included first.
*/
public static Method[] getAllDeclaredMethods(Class<?> leafClass) throws IllegalArgumentException {
final List<Method> methods = new ArrayList<Method>(32);
doWithMethods(leafClass, new MethodCallback() {
public void doWith(Method method) {
methods.add(method);
}
});
return methods.toArray(new Method[methods.size()]);
}
/**
* Get the unique set of declared methods on the leaf class and all superclasses. Leaf
* class methods are included first and while traversing the superclass hierarchy any methods found
* with signatures matching a method already included are filtered out.
*/
public static Method[] getUniqueDeclaredMethods(Class<?> leafClass) throws IllegalArgumentException {
final List<Method> methods = new ArrayList<Method>(32);
doWithMethods(leafClass, new MethodCallback() {
public void doWith(Method method) {
boolean knownSignature = false;
Method methodBeingOverriddenWithCovariantReturnType = null;
for (Method existingMethod : methods) {
if (method.getName().equals(existingMethod.getName()) &&
Arrays.equals(method.getParameterTypes(), existingMethod.getParameterTypes())) {
// Is this a covariant return type situation?
if (existingMethod.getReturnType() != method.getReturnType() &&
existingMethod.getReturnType().isAssignableFrom(method.getReturnType())) {
methodBeingOverriddenWithCovariantReturnType = existingMethod;
}
else {
knownSignature = true;
}
break;
}
}
if (methodBeingOverriddenWithCovariantReturnType != null) {
methods.remove(methodBeingOverriddenWithCovariantReturnType);
}
if (!knownSignature && !isCglibRenamedMethod(method)) {
methods.add(method);
}
}
});
return methods.toArray(new Method[methods.size()]);
}
/**
* Invoke the given callback on all fields in the target class, going up the
* class hierarchy to get all declared fields.
* @param clazz the target class to analyze
* @param fc the callback to invoke for each field
*/
public static void doWithFields(Class<?> clazz, FieldCallback fc) throws IllegalArgumentException {
doWithFields(clazz, fc, null);
}
/**
* Invoke the given callback on all fields in the target class, going up the
* class hierarchy to get all declared fields.
* @param clazz the target class to analyze
* @param fc the callback to invoke for each field
* @param ff the filter that determines the fields to apply the callback to
*/
public static void doWithFields(Class<?> clazz, FieldCallback fc, FieldFilter ff)
throws IllegalArgumentException {
// Keep backing up the inheritance hierarchy.
Class<?> targetClass = clazz;
do {
Field[] fields = targetClass.getDeclaredFields();
for (Field field : fields) {
// Skip static and final fields.
if (ff != null && !ff.matches(field)) {
continue;
}
try {
fc.doWith(field);
}
catch (IllegalAccessException ex) {
throw new IllegalStateException(
"Shouldn't be illegal to access field '" + field.getName() + "': " + ex);
}
}
targetClass = targetClass.getSuperclass();
}
while (targetClass != null && targetClass != Object.class);
}
/**
* Given the source object and the destination, which must be the same class
* or a subclass, copy all fields, including inherited fields. Designed to
* work on objects with public no-arg constructors.
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if the arguments are incompatible
*/
public static void shallowCopyFieldState(final Object src, final Object dest) throws IllegalArgumentException {
if (src == null) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Source for field copy cannot be null");
}
if (dest == null) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Destination for field copy cannot be null");
}
if (!src.getClass().isAssignableFrom(dest.getClass())) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Destination class [" + dest.getClass().getName()
+ "] must be same or subclass as source class [" + src.getClass().getName() + "]");
}
doWithFields(src.getClass(), new FieldCallback() {
public void doWith(Field field) throws IllegalArgumentException, IllegalAccessException {
makeAccessible(field);
Object srcValue = field.get(src);
field.set(dest, srcValue);
}
}, COPYABLE_FIELDS);
}
/**
* Action to take on each method.
*/
public interface MethodCallback {
/**
* Perform an operation using the given method.
* @param method the method to operate on
*/
void doWith(Method method) throws IllegalArgumentException, IllegalAccessException;
}
/**
* Callback optionally used to filter methods to be operated on by a method callback.
*/
public interface MethodFilter {
/**
* Determine whether the given method matches.
* @param method the method to check
*/
boolean matches(Method method);
}
/**
* Callback interface invoked on each field in the hierarchy.
*/
public interface FieldCallback {
/**
* Perform an operation using the given field.
* @param field the field to operate on
*/
void doWith(Field field) throws IllegalArgumentException, IllegalAccessException;
}
/**
* Callback optionally used to filter fields to be operated on by a field callback.
*/
public interface FieldFilter {
/**
* Determine whether the given field matches.
* @param field the field to check
*/
boolean matches(Field field);
}
/**
* Pre-built FieldFilter that matches all non-static, non-final fields.
*/
public static FieldFilter COPYABLE_FIELDS = new FieldFilter() {
public boolean matches(Field field) {
return !(Modifier.isStatic(field.getModifiers()) || Modifier.isFinal(field.getModifiers()));
}
};
/**
* Pre-built MethodFilter that matches all non-bridge methods.
*/
public static MethodFilter NON_BRIDGED_METHODS = new MethodFilter() {
public boolean matches(Method method) {
return !method.isBridge();
}
};
/**
* Pre-built MethodFilter that matches all non-bridge methods
* which are not declared on {@code java.lang.Object}.
*/
public static MethodFilter USER_DECLARED_METHODS = new MethodFilter() {
public boolean matches(Method method) {
return (!method.isBridge() && method.getDeclaringClass() != Object.class);
}
};
}
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