linux安装mysql5.7

1.下载并上传服务器

下载地址
下载完成后，上传linux，存放目录为(/usr/local)，解压到当前目录

更名：mv mysql-5.7.39-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql

2.创建数据存放目录并赋予权限

按顺序执行下面的命令：

groupadd mysql
useradd -r -g mysql mysql
mkdir -p /data/mysql
chown mysql:mysql -R /data/mysql

3.配置my.cnf

编辑：vi /etc/my.cnf

[mysqld]
bind-address=0.0.0.0
port=3306
user=mysql
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/data/mysql
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
log-error=/data/mysql/mysql.err
pid-file=/data/mysql/mysql.pid
#character config
character_set_server=utf8mb4
symbolic-links=0
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp=true

直接将my.cnf的内容替换上面的内容

4.初始化数据库

//进入mysql的bin目录
cd /usr/local/mysql/bin
//初始化
./mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/ --datadir=/data/mysql/ --user=mysql --initialize
//查看密码
cat /data/mysql/mysql.err

将mysql.server放置到/etc/init.d/mysql中:

cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql

修改/etc/init.d/mysql配置

basedir=/usr/local/software/mysql
datadir=/data/mysql

启动mysql命令：

service mysql start

5.修改初始密码

执行下面命令

//  在/usr/local/mysql/bin目录下执行，第一次用初始的密码
[root@localhost bin]# ./mysql -u root -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 4
Server version: 5.7.34

Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD('123456');
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' PASSWORD EXPIRE NEVER;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

#退出mysql
mysql> quit; 

再次登录就可以用新的密码

6.开启远程连接

配置环境变量，这样就可以直接使用 mysql -uroot -p 直接登录mysql，而不用每次进入bin目录执行命令

echo 'export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin' >> /etc/profile
source /etc/profile

登录mysql，执行下面的命令

use mysql;                                            #访问mysql库
update user set host = '%' where user = 'root';      #使root能再任何host访问
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;                                    #刷新

退出登录，开启端口3306

firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp --permanent
#重启防火墙
systemctl restart firewalld.service
#查看开启端口
firewall-cmd --list-ports

使用客户端工具测试

7.开机自启动

cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql
chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysql
chkconfig --add mysql
chkconfig --level 345 mysql on
chkconfig --list #查看