多线程编程之线程间的通信——管道通信

上一章节讲了wait/notify通信，这一节我们来探讨使用管道进行通信。
java中提供了IO流使我们很方便的对数据进行操作，pipeStream是一种特殊的流，用于不同线程间直接传送数据。一个线程将数据发送到输出管道，另一个线程从输入管道读取数据。通过管道实现通信不需要借助临时文件这类东西。
java中提供了四个类使得线程间可以通信：
①字节流：PipeInputStream，PipedOutputStream
②字符流：PipedReader，PipedWriter

下面我们看看字节流的实现方法：

package pipeInputOutput;
//输出流
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PipedOutputStream;
public class WriteDate {
    public void writeMethod(PipedOutputStream out) {
        try {
            System.out.println("write:");
            for(int i=0;i<300;i++) {
                String outDate=""+(i+1);
                out.write(outDate.getBytes());
                System.out.print(outDate);
            }
            System.out.println();
            out.close();
        }catch(IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}


package pipeInputOutput;
//输入流
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PipedInputStream;

public class ReadDate {
    public void ReadDate(PipedInputStream input) {
        try {
            System.out.println("read:");
            byte[] byteArray=new byte[20];
            int readLength=input.read(byteArray);
            while(readLength!=-1) {
                String newDate=new String(byteArray,0,readLength);
                System.out.print(newDate);
                readLength=input.read(byteArray);
            }
            System.out.println();
            input.close();
        }catch(IOException e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }   
    }
}


package pipeInputOutput;
import java.io.PipedOutputStream;
//输出线程
public class ThreadWrite extends Thread {
    private WriteDate write;
    private PipedOutputStream out;

    public ThreadWrite(WriteDate write,PipedOutputStream out) {
        super();
        this.write=write;
        this.out=out;
    }
    public void run() {
        write.writeMethod(out);
    }

}


package pipeInputOutput;
import java.io.PipedInputStream;
//输入线程
public class ThreadRead extends Thread{
    private ReadDate read;
    private PipedInputStream in;
    public ThreadRead(ReadDate read,PipedInputStream in) {
        super();
        this.read=read;
        this.in=in;
    }
    public void run() {
        read.ReadDate(in);
    }

}


package pipeInputOutput;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PipedInputStream;
import java.io.PipedOutputStream;
//测试方法
public class Run {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            WriteDate write=new WriteDate();
            ReadDate read=new ReadDate();
            PipedInputStream inputStream=new PipedInputStream();
            PipedOutputStream outputStream=new PipedOutputStream();
            //输出流与输入流进行连接。
            outputStream.connect(inputStream);
            //inputStream.connect(outputStream);
            ThreadRead readThread=new ThreadRead(read,inputStream);
            readThread.start();//先启动输出线程
            Thread.sleep(2000);
            ThreadWrite writeThread=new ThreadWrite(write,outputStream);
            writeThread.start();//后启动输入线程
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

}

控制台输出：
read:
write:
123456789101112131415161718192021...
123456789101112131415161718192021...

上面测试中，先启动输入线程，然后因为没有线程被写入所以线程被阻塞，知道有数据写入。

我们接着继续看看字符流的实现方法：

package pipeInputOutput1;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PipedWriter;
//字符输出流
public class WriteDate {
    public void writeMethod(PipedWriter out) {
        try {
            System.out.println("write:");
            for(int i=0;i<300;i++) {
                String outDate=""+(i+1);
                out.write(outDate);
                System.out.print(outDate);
            }
            System.out.println();
            out.close();
        }catch(IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();

        }
    }

}


package pipeInputOutput1;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PipedReader;
//字符输入流
public class ReadDate {
    public void readMethod(PipedReader in) {

        try {
            System.out.println("read:");
            char[] byteArray=new char[20];
            int readLength=in.read(byteArray);
            while(readLength!=-1) {
                String newDate=new String(byteArray,0,readLength);
                System.out.print(newDate);
                readLength=in.read(byteArray);
            }
            System.out.println();
            in.close();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

}

package pipeInputOutput1;
import java.io.PipedWriter;
//输出流线程
public class WriteThread extends Thread {
    private WriteDate write;
    private PipedWriter out;
    public WriteThread(WriteDate write,PipedWriter out) {
        super();
        this.write=write;
        this.out=out;
    }

    public void run() {
        write.writeMethod(out);
    }

}


package pipeInputOutput1;
import java.io.PipedReader;
//输入流线程
public class ReadThread extends Thread{
    private ReadDate read;
    private PipedReader in;
    public ReadThread(ReadDate read,PipedReader in) {
        super();
        this.read=read;
        this.in=in;
    }
    public void run() {
        read.readMethod(in);
    }

}


package pipeInputOutput1;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PipedReader;
import java.io.PipedWriter;
//测试方法
public class run {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            WriteDate write=new WriteDate();
            ReadDate read=new ReadDate();

            PipedWriter out=new PipedWriter();
            PipedReader in=new PipedReader();
            //连接输出流与输入流
            out.connect(in);
            //in.connect(out);
            ReadThread threadread=new ReadThread(read,in);
            threadread.start();

            Thread.sleep(2000);
            WriteThread threadwrite=new WriteThread(write,out);
            threadwrite.start();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

字符流额字节流大同小异，上面的例子中字符流不需要创建字节数组而已。