Note: 旧的wordpress博客弃用，于是将以前的笔记搬运回来。
Solution:
Let
z
=
a
+
b
i
z = a + bi
z=a+bi be the complex number which is a square root of i, that is
z
2
=
(
a
+
b
i
)
2
=
a
2
−
b
2
+
2
a
b
i
=
i
z^{2} = (a + bi)^{2} = a^{2} - b^{2} + 2abi = i
z2=(a+bi)2=a2−b2+2abi=i
Equating real and imaginary parts, we have
{
a
2
−
b
2
=
0
,
2
a
b
=
1.
\begin{cases} a^{2} - b^{2} & = 0,\\ 2ab & = 1.\end{cases}
{a2−b22ab=0,=1.
The two real solution to this pair of equations are
{
a
=
1
2
,
b
=
1
2
,
\begin{cases} a = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}},\\ b = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}},\end{cases}
{a=21,b=21,
and
{
a
=
−
1
2
,
b
=
−
1
2
.
\begin{cases} a = -\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}},\\ b = -\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}.\end{cases}
{a=−21,b=−21.
The two square root of i therefor are
±
1
2
(
i
+
1
)
\pm\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}(i + 1)
±21(i+1).
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